文化基因视角下北塘段大运河综合价值评价体系研究

Research on the Comprehensive Value Evaluation System of the Beitang Section of the Grand Canal from the Perspective of Cultural Genes

摘要: 大运河国家文化公园与外国国家公园以及传统意义上的公园相比，往往更强调文化属性与多样性，传统公园或国家公园的研究和设计并没有考虑各类文化资源与自然资源的综合保护以及游憩主体的需要，因此大运河国家文化公园的研究既必要又不可替代，对于我国文化传承与未来我国大运河国家文化公园发展都具有重要意义，本研究通过查阅资料、深访明确了大运河国家文化公园的特征，并以无锡北塘段大运河为例，从文化基因的视角，按照物质文化基因与非物质文化基因构建北塘段大运河文化基因谱系图，并利用层次分析法提出并建立大运河国家文化公园文化基因价值重要性评价体系。结果表明，从无锡北塘段大运河文化基因谱系中提取出了2个B级指标，6个C级指标，18个D级指标，经过计算得出在北塘段大运河国家文化公园设计实践中，应以水文化为主体基因，以水工遗址、码头文化、历史习俗文化、民族工商业文化这三个评价因子作为附着基因进行总体的大运河国家文化公园设计实践。

Abstract: Compared with foreign national parks and parks in the traditional sense, the Grand Canal National Cultural Park tends to emphasize more on cultural attributes and diversity, and the research and design of traditional parks or national parks do not consider the comprehensive protection of all kinds of cultural and natural resources, as well as the needs of the main body of recreation. Therefore, the research on the Grand Canal National Cultural Park is both necessary and irreplaceable, and it has great significance for the cultural inheritance of our country as well as the development of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park in China in the future. This study clarifies the characteristics of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park by reviewing the data and making in-depth interviews and takes the Beitang Section of the Grand Canal in Wuxi as an ex-ample, constructs the cultural genealogy map of the Beitang Section of the Grand Canal accord-ing to the tangible cultural genes and the intangible cultural genes from the perspective of cultural genes and puts forward the establishment of an evaluation system of the importance of the value of cultural genes of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park by utilizing the hierarchical analysis method. The results show that 2 B-level indicators, 6 C-level indicators and 18 D-level indicators are extracted from the cultural genealogy of the Beitang Section of the Grand Canal in Wuxi, and after calculation, it is concluded that the water culture should be taken as the main gene in the design practice of Beitang Section of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, and three evaluation factors, namely, the waterworks site, the wharf culture, the historical custom culture, and the national industrial and commercial culture, should be used as the attached genes to carry out the overall design practice of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park.