哈尔滨市空气可吸入颗粒物时空变异特征及其影响因素研究

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Inhalable Particles in Harbin

摘要: 本次研究主要以哈尔滨市内12个空气质量自动监测点选做研究区域和研究对象，通过对这些站点的年均、春夏秋冬四季的污染物浓度、十二个站点十二个月的监测数据进行系统性地分析，并且研究了哈市内质量浓度的时空变异特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 哈尔滨空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度的变化有明显的季节性，由于哈尔滨是一个农业型城市，而且在冬季是依靠燃烧化石燃料取暖，所以受采暖季燃煤的影响以及农耕秸秆燃烧的影响，哈尔滨市在冬春两季可吸入颗粒物排放量较高；② 对哈尔滨市空气中可吸入颗粒物的浓度数据有两点，首先是污染源所在地的分布及变化，一般较稳定；其次是可吸入颗粒物的扩散能力,气象与气候对污染物的扩散程度有很大的影响；③ 哈尔滨市作为中国重工业与农业所在地，近年来工农业经济发展迅速，经济发展的同时也导致哈尔滨市的可吸入颗粒物浓度偏高，且哈尔滨属于严寒地域，冬日供暖期使悬浮颗粒物污染更为严重。由此可知：烟尘、飞灰等工农业生产过程中所产生的产品或者副产品，是哈尔滨市可吸入颗粒物的主要来源。

Abstract: In this study, 12 air quality automatic monitoring points in Harbin City were selected as the re-search areas and research objects. Through the analysis of annual monitoring data and the sys-tematic analysis of inhalable particle concentrations in spring, summer, autumn and winter, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of mass concentrations in Harbin City were studied. The results show that: ① The change of the concentration of inhalable particles in the air of Harbin has obvious seasonality. Since Harbin is an agricultural city and relies on burning fossil fuels for heating in winter, due to the influence of coal combustion in heating season and the influence of agricultural straw combustion, Harbin has a high amount of inhalable particles in winter and spring; ② There are two main factors affecting the concentration of inhal-able particles in the air of Harbin: one is the distribution and change of pollution sources, which are generally relatively stable; The second is the diffusion ability of pollutants, and the weather situation and meteorological conditions have great influence on the diffusion ability of pollutants; ③ Harbin is the location of heavy industry in China. The industrial economy has developed rapidly, the urbanization process is rapid, and the concentration of suspended particles in urban areas is high. At the same time, it is also a low-temperature and cold city in China. The heating period in winter is up to six months, and the pollution of suspended particles is more serious. As a result, the main anthropogenic sources of air pollution in Harbin are soot and fly ash formed in the process of fuel combustion, raw materials or product particles emitted in the process of industrial production, compounds in automobile exhaust, secondary dust generated by construction and ground dust.