ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表对青少年心理行为的评定分析

Evaluation and Analysis of Adolescent Psychological Behavior with SDS

摘要: 随着国家教育改革的有序进行，中小学义务教育中，尤其中学生潜在的心理与行为问题大量暴露出来，尽管我们的教师、学校、家庭、社会、国家在潜心研究应对措施，并有了些许成效，但是，对于各方面发展不平衡的青少年来说，其心理和行为随年龄的增长在逐渐发展，并滋生出新的心理与行为问题，来势汹汹，应接不暇。而且，多数青少年心理咨询意识薄弱，甚至拒绝接受心理咨询和治疗，同时其经济有限，导致不少青少年心理问题化为抑郁症状，又因为自我不会调节，得不到他人及时的帮助，直至深入严重，酿成极端后果。文中使用ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表对200位校内和校外的青少年进行测量，由此评判出这些青少年是否身患抑郁疾病，并进行抑郁症分级，同时运用SPSS软件和统计法进行统计分析。通过分析研究得知：第一，女性青少年比男性青少年更易患抑郁症，且女性青少年患抑郁程度比男性青少年患抑郁程度深；第二，不同学习情况的青少年，患抑郁程度不同，抑郁症状也不尽相同；第三，ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表测评得分与青少年性别(r = 0.395, p < 0.01, N = 200)，年龄(r = 0.726, p < 0.01, N = 200)，学习成绩(r = 0.666, p < 0.01, N = 200)之间呈正相关，差异有高度统计学意义(p < 0.01)；第四，抑郁程度与患者性别、年龄、各种喜好，心理行为相关(p < 0.01或p < 0.05)。研究结果表明，需从青少年自身、家庭、校内，社会四个范围采取积极措施，对社会青少年抑郁患者及学校有抑郁倾向的学生进行帮助。一方面，是为了满足学生自身发展的需要，另一方面，是教育的现实需要，帮助更多青少年健康成长、有效学习，甚至挽救更多稚嫩的生命。

Abstract: With the orderly progress of the national education reform, a large number of potential psychologi-cal and behavioral problems in compulsory education in primary and secondary schools, especially among middle school students, have been exposed. Although our teachers, schools, families, society, and the country have been devoting themselves to studying countermeasures and have achieved some results. However, for young people with unbalanced development in all aspects, their psy-chology and behavior gradually develop with age, and breed new psychological and behavioral problems, which are menacingly overwhelming. Moreover, most of the adolescents' psychological counseling consciousness is weak, and even refuse to accept psychological counseling and treatment, while its economy is limited, resulting in many adolescents’ psychological problems into depressive symptoms, and because they will not adjust themselves, they will not get timely help from others, until it is deep and serious, resulting in extreme consequences. In this article, 200 adolescents, both in and out of school, were tested using the SDS to determine whether they suffer from depression, and depression was graded. At the same time, SPSS software and statistical methods were used to make detailed statistics. According to research, firstly, female adolescents are more likely to suffer from depression than male adolescents and female adolescents have a deeper degree of depression than male adolescents; Secondly, adolescents with different learning conditions have different lev-els of depression and different symptoms of depression; Thirdly, there was a positive correlation between the scores of the SDS and adolescent gender (r = 0.395, p < 0.01, N = 200), age (r = 0.726, p < 0.01, N = 200), and academic performance (r = 0.666, p < 0.01, N = 200), with significant differ-ences (p < 0.01); Fourth, the degree of depression was correlated with the patient’s gender, age, various preferences, psychological behavior, and other conditions (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). The results of the study indicate that positive measures need to be taken from the perspectives of adolescents themselves, their families, schools, and society to help adolescents with depression and students with depressive tendencies in schools. On the one hand, it is to meet the needs of students’ own de-velopment. On the other hand, it is the practical need of education to help more teenagers grow healthily, learn effectively, and even save more young lives.