优势视角下留守儿童心理韧性提升的社会工作干预策略研究

A Study of Social Work Intervention Strategies for Enhancing Psychological Resilience in Left-Behind Children from the Perspective of Strengths

摘要: 随着社会转型的不断加速，乡村人口大规模向城市流动，导致农村儿童留守现象日益凸显，形成了大量的农村留守儿童群体。由于留守儿童心智尚未成熟且缺乏父母的关爱，他们面临风险和出现偏差行为的可能性更大。因此，农村留守儿童心理韧性的提升，对其未来健康发展具有重要意义。尽管学界以往主要以问题视角研究留守儿童，但随着越来越多的学者专注于优势视角，社会工作者开始重视留守儿童的内在潜力和自我发展，努力探索他们的长处，以增强他们的抗逆能力和风险应对技能。通过文献研究对农村留守儿童的支持因素进行分析，结果表明个体、家庭、学校、朋辈群体均对农村留守儿童心理韧性有着显著影响。因此，建议采取个性化服务，促进家庭、学校、社会三位一体的协同育人，创造支持性氛围，并组织团体心理辅导活动，以加强留守儿童的心理韧性。

Abstract: As the acceleration of social transformation continues, a significant rural-to-urban migration trend has emerged, leading to the increasing prevalence of left-behind children in rural areas, forming a substantial group of left-behind rural children. Due to their immature psychological development and lack of parental care, these children are at greater risk and prone to deviant behaviors. Therefore, enhancing the psychological resilience of left-behind rural children is of paramount importance for their future well-being. While academia has historically focused on a problem-oriented perspective when studying left-behind children, a growing number of scholars are now embracing an advantageous viewpoint. Social workers are beginning to recognize the inherent potential and self-development of left-behind children, striving to explore their strengths to bolster their ability to withstand adversity and cope with risks. Through a literature review analyzing the factors contributing to support for rural left-behind children, the results indicate that individual, family, school, and peer groups all have a significant impact on the psychological resilience of these children. Therefore, we recommend adopting personalized services to promote a holistic approach involving families, schools, and society in nurturing these children, creating a supportive environment, and organizing group psychological counseling activities to enhance the psychological resilience of left-behind children.