社会资本和政策有效性感知对社区低龄老人垃圾分类行为的影响研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

The Impact of Social Capital and Perceived Policy Effectiveness on the Waste Sorting Behavior of the Young and Old in Community—Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Fuzzy Sets

摘要: 社区低龄老人是城市生活垃圾分类的行为主体，低龄老人分类行为水平的高低直接关系着城市生活垃圾治理的效果。本文基于社区低龄老人分类行为的微观数据，分析政策有效性感知和社会资本如何协同影响社区低龄老人生活垃圾分类行为，同时运用模糊集定性比较分析方法对西安市834份社区低龄老人的调查问卷数据进行了实证检验。结果表明：社会规范、社会网络和社会信任以及政策有效性感知这四个要素在低龄老人垃圾分类行为中发挥着重要作用。同时，单因素难以解释不同社区低龄老人垃圾分类行为水平的差异性；多重因素的组合可以解释其中存在的显著差异，两个组合路径可以概括大部分案例：一条是以高社会信任为基础的强感知模式，一条是以弱感知为基础的强社会网络和规范的模式。推动社区低龄老人垃圾分类行为水平的提高，必须考虑不同的要素条件组合，进行有针对性的激励措施与资源配置。

Abstract: The low-aged community is the main behavior of urban domestic waste classification, the level of classification behavior of the low-aged directly related to the effect of municipal solid waste management. Based on the micro-data of the classification behavior of the community low-aged elderly, this paper analyzes how the perception of policy effectiveness and social capital synergistically affect the classification behavior of the community low-aged elderly, at the same time, the qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets was used to test the questionnaire data of 806 young old people in Xi’an. The results show that social norms, social networks, social trust and perceived policy effectiveness play an important role in the waste classification behavior of the young elderly. At the same time, it is difficult for single factor to explain the difference of waste classification behavior of the young aged people in different communities, and the combination of multiple factors can explain the significant difference, two combinatorial paths can generalize most cases: one is the strong perception model based on high social trust, and the other is the strong social network and norm model based on weak perception. In order to promote the level of waste classification behavior of the community aged people, we must consider the combination of different factors and conditions, carry out targeted incentive measures and resource allocation.