环县地区泌尿系结石成分及危险因素分析

Analysis of Components and Risk Factor of Urinary Calculi in Huanxian

摘要: 目的：通过对庆阳市环县地区1800例泌尿系结石病人的性别、年龄、职业、居住地、结石部位、结石大小、结石CT值、结石成分等临床特征以及治疗方式进行回顾性分析，探讨庆阳市环县地区泌尿系结石病人的结石成分及危险因素，为该地区泌尿系结石的防治提出意见和建议。方法：收集2017年1月至2023年6月环县人民医院泌尿外科收治的1800例患者的性别、年龄、职业、居住地、结石部位、结石大小、结石CT值、治疗方式等信息，选取其中收治的600例泌尿系结石标本送江苏省中医院泌尿外科行结石成分分析，对结果及临床资料进行分析。结果：男性患病率显著高于女性，性别比3:1；40~60岁是泌尿系结石高发年龄段(43%)；职业以农民为主(95%)；城郊高于农村(环城镇31%)；结石好发于上尿路(92.3%)；结石大小以2.0 cm以下为主(99.1%)；600例结石成分分析显示：该县尿路结石中以混合成分结石偏多(70.4%)，主要是一水草酸钙 + 二水草酸钙 + 碳酸磷灰石(21.0%)，单一成分结石以草酸钙结石为主(18.9%)；草酸钙为本县泌尿系结石的主要成分。结论：环县泌尿系结石患者中，青壮年泌尿系结石发生率高，男性明显多于女性，结石成分均以草酸钙为主，结合本地区经济状况、人口规模、环境生态等因素，结石危险因素较多，预防难度较大。

Abstract: Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of 1800 patients with urolithiasis in Huanxian area of Qingyang City, such as gender, age, occupation, resi-dence, location of lithiasis, size of lithiasis, CT value of lithiasis, and lithiasis components; to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis in this area. Methods: 1800 patients admitted to the Department of Urology in Huanxian People’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2023 were collected with the information of gender, age, occupation, place of residence, stone site, stone size, calculi CT value and treatment methods, and 600 samples of urinary calculi were select-ed and sent to the Department of Urology in Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for stone composition analysis; statistical data and the materials were analyzed. The materials were analyzed. Results: The prevalence rate of male was significantly higher than that of female. The sex ratio was 3:1: 40~60 years old (43%). Farmers were the most common occupation (95%). Suburbs were higher than rural areas (31% in ring towns); Calculi were more common in upper urinary tract (92.3%); The size of calculi was below 2.0 cm (99.1%). The composition analysis of 600 cases showed that the majority of urinary calculi in the county were mixed calculi (70.4%), mainly calci-um oxalate monohydrate + calcium oxalate dihydrate + carbonate apatite (21.0%), and calcium ox-alate calculi were the main single calculi (18.9%). Calcium oxalate was the main component of uri-nary calculi in the county. Conclusion: Among the patients with urinary calculi in Huanxian county, the incidence of urinary calculi is high in young adults, and the male is obviously more than the fe-male. The calculi components are mainly calcium oxalate. Combined with the economic status, pop-ulation size, environmental ecology and other factors in this area, there are more risk factors for calculi, and it is difficult to prevent them.