智慧养老的实践类型、伦理风险及破解策略

The Practice Type, Ethical Risk and Solving Strategy of the Development of Intelligent Endowment

摘要: 随着科学技术的进步、人工智能战略的推动和新型养老机构的兴起并涌向养老领域，智慧养老模式应运而生。目前，智慧养老在加速养老便捷化、提高养老舒适度等方面的积极作用突出。在发展过程中也逐渐衍生出智慧居家养老、智慧社区养老、智慧机构养老以及多元协同智慧养老等各具特点的实践形态。但与此同时，智慧养老其发展以及实践应用过程中也存在着一定的伦理风险，诸如智能养老技术异化所致的隐私泄露、算法霸权等伦理风险，老人主体迷失、机器割裂了原先的“人–人”情感联系的伦理风险、社会层面养老生态衍生的智慧养老数字鸿沟问题。为防范与化解此类潜在的伦理风险与危机挑战，需要完善智慧养老的伦理嵌入以及完善相关的监督管理体制机制，同时在智慧养老发展应用的全过程当中，都应当强化养老主体以及为老服务主体的主体性地位，此外还需要不断提升智慧养老服务在全社会当中的共识、推广与应用，并且要做好智慧养老事业与智慧养老产业相关的支持保障，以期更好地促进智慧养老事业及其产业的健康高质量发展。

Abstract: With the progress of science and technology, the promotion of artificial intelligence strategy and the rise of new-type old-age care institutions and rush to the field of old-age care, the model of intelligent old-age care came into being. At present, intelligent endowment plays an important role in accelerating the convenience of endowment and improving the comfort of endowment. In the process of development, the practice forms of intelligent home care, intelligent community care, intelligent institution care and multi-cooperative intelligent care have been gradually derived. But at the same time, there are some ethical risks in the process of the development and practical application of intelligent endowment, such as privacy leakage and algorithm hegemony caused by the alienation of intelligent endowment technology, the main body of the elderly lost, the ethical risk that the machine split the original “human-human” emotional relationship, the digital gap in the wisdom of old-age care derived from the elderly ecological ramifications of social aspects. In order to prevent and resolve such potential ethical risks and crisis challenges, it is necessary to improve the ethical embeddedness of intelligent endowment and the relevant supervision and management mechanism, and at the same time, in the whole process of the development and application of intelligent endowment, we should strengthen the subjective status of the main body of providing for the aged and the main body of providing services for the aged. In addition, we need to constantly enhance the consensus, promotion and application of intelligent elderly care services in the whole society, and we should do a good job of intelligent endowment and intelligent endowment industry-related support, in order to better promote the healthy and high-quality development of intelligent endowment and its industry.