内蒙古通辽市土地资源利用时空变化分析

Analysis on Spatial-Temporal Changes of Land Resources Utilization in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia

摘要: 本研究以通辽市为研究对象，通过对2000年至2020年的土地利用转移矩阵和空间自相关分析，探讨了该地区的土地利用变化和空间特征。结果显示，草地和耕地是通辽市土地利用面积最大的类型，保持相对稳定，而灌木地和林地有所增加，表明在森林资源保护和恢复方面取得了进展。裸地和人造地表有增长趋势，可能与城市化和经济发展有关。湿地和水体面积较小，但也略有增加，可能是湿地保护和水体治理的结果。空间自相关分析显示，通辽市各土地利用类型存在显著的正向空间自相关，尤其是草地、耕地、林地和裸地呈现连片分布。相比之下，灌木地、人造地表、湿地和水体的空间集聚性较弱，可能受地形、土地利用方式和人类干预的影响。综合研究结果表明，在农牧交错区的土地利用规划中需要平衡农牧业发展和生态环境保护，保护草地和耕地资源，加强林地和湿地保护，控制裸地和人造地表的扩张，以促进可持续土地利用和城乡协调发展。

Abstract: This study focuses on Tongliao City and investigates the land use changes and spatial characteristics in the region from 2000 to 2020 through the analysis of land use transition matrices and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that grassland and cropland are the largest land use types in Tongliao City and have remained relatively stable, while shrubland and forestland have shown an increase, suggesting progress in forest resource protection and restoration. Bare land and artificial surfaces are on the rise, possibly associated with urbanization and economic development. Wetlands and water bodies, although relatively small in area, have also slightly increased, likely as a result of wetland conservation and water management efforts. Spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals significant positive spatial autocorrelation for all land use types in Tongliao City, especially for grassland, cropland, forestland, and bare land, which exhibit contiguous distributions. In contrast, shrubland, artificial surfaces, wetlands, and water bodies show weaker spatial clustering, possibly influenced by topography, land use practices, and human intervention. Taken together, the research findings suggest that land use planning in the pastoral-agricultural transition zone should aim to strike a balance between agricultural and pastoral development and ecological environmental protection. This includes protecting grassland and cropland resources, str- engthening the conservation of forestland and wetlands, and controlling the expansion of bare land and artificial surfaces to promote sustainable land use and balanced urban-rural development.