2000~2020年内蒙古河谷地区生态用地变化特征分析

Analysis of Ecological Land Change Characteristics in Inner Mongolia Valley Areas from 2000 to 2020

摘要: 精确地对生态用地的时空演变过程以及规律的分析，对区域内的生态环境保护以及生态质量评测有着极其重要的意义。本文采用2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年以及2020年五个时间节点的土地利用数据构建了内蒙古自治区河谷地区的土地利用变化矩阵、土地利用动态度，在通过内蒙古河谷地区生态用地总变化量分析入手，对内蒙古河谷地区的生态用地的数量变化趋势以及空间变化趋势这两方面进行了分析。结果表明：(1) 2000~2020年20年间内蒙古河谷地区整体变化并不大，在各个时间段上土地动态度并差异很大，生态用地在各个时间段的变化趋势与转移方向在各个时间段的特性上呈现出2000~2005年缓慢变化期。2005~2010年剧烈变化期。2010~2015年缓慢变化，在这个年段各地类变化并不明显。2015~2020年生态用地加速恢复阶段，林地快速增长，草地快速增长，水域增长，湿地快速减少。(2) 通过土地转移矩阵的变化可以发现在2005~2010年沼泽地大面积增加但相比之下其他生态用地地类整体上为减少，在2015~2020年沼泽地大面积减小但其他生态用地地类面积增长恢复，按沼泽地的特性而言是由于2005~2010年的湿度增加，2015~2020年湿度下降为主要原因。

Abstract: Accurate analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution process and laws of ecological land is of extremely important significance to regional ecological environment protection and ecological quality evaluation. This paper uses land use data from five time nodes in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 to construct a land use change matrix and land use dynamics in the river valley area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Through the total change of ecological land in the river valley area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, starting from quantitative analysis, the quantitative and spatial change trends of ecological land in the Inner Mongolia valley area were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The overall changes in the Inner Mongolia valley area were not significant in the 20 years from 2000 to 2020, and the land dynamics did not differ greatly in each time period. The change trends and transfer directions of ecological land in each time period varied in each time period. The characteristics of the time period show a period of slow change from 2000 to 2005. 2005~2010 was a period of dramatic change. The change was slow from 2010 to 2015, and the changes in various categories were not obvious during this period. In the accelerated restoration stage of ecological land from 2015 to 2020, forestland increased rapidly, grassland increased rapidly, water areas increased, and wetlands decreased rapidly. (2) Through the changes in the land transfer matrix, it can be found that from 2005 to 2010, the area of swamps increased, but other ecological land types decreased overall. From 2015 to 2020, the area of swamps decreased, but other ecological land types decreased. According to the characteristics of swampland, the growth and recovery of land use area is mainly due to the increase in humidity from 2005 to 2010 and the decrease in humidity from 2015 to 2020.