铁路机车乘务员心理素质模型建构

Railway Locomotive Crew’s Psychological Competency Model Construction

摘要: 本研究旨在建构机车乘务员心理素质模型，开发评估工具并提出应用建议。研究方法：在西南地区某铁路局随机抽取39名机车乘务员进行事件访谈，采用开放式编码、主轴编码等质性研究方法建构机车乘务员心理素质初步模型。编制心理素质评估题目，随机抽取1000名机车乘务员作为评估对象，对比高绩效组(前20%，175人)和普通绩效组(后80%，701人)在模型各项指标上的差异显著性。结果：1) 质性研究得出4维度17项指标的机车乘务员心理素质初步模型；2) 高绩效组和普通绩效组在3个维度12项指标差异显著；3) 最终保留89个问卷条目，个性、动机和心理健康维度的Cronbach’s alpha系数分别为0.898、0.809、0.976。KMO值为0.970 > 0.6且P < 0.05，巴特球形检验结果显著。问卷有良好的信度和结构效度。

Abstract: This study aimed to construct a psychological competency model of a train crew, develop a meas-urement tool, and make application suggestions. Research Methods: 39 train crew members were randomly recruited for Behavioral Event Interviews from a railway bureau in Southwest China, and a preliminary model of the train crew’s psychological competency was constructed using qualitative research methods such as open coding and spindle coding. The psychological competency assess-ment questions were compiled, and 1000 drivers were randomly selected as assessment subjects to compare the significance of the differences between the high-performance group (the top 20%, 175) and the ordinary-performance group (the bottom 80%, 701) on the indicators of the model. Results: 1) The qualitative study yielded a preliminary model of the train crew’s psychological competency with 17 indicators in 4 dimensions; 2) The differences between the high-performance group and the ordinary-performance group were significant in 12 indicators in 3 dimensions; 3) 89 questionnaire entries were finally retained, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of personality, motivation, and mental health dimensions were 0.898, 0.809, and 0.976, respectively. The KMO value was 0.970 > 0.6 and P < 0.05, and Bart’s spherical test result was significant. The question-naire had good reliability and structural validity.