酒精戒断所致脑损伤机制研究的新进展
Recent Advances in the Study of the Mechanism of Brain Injury Caused by Alcohol Withdrawal
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.13122886, PDF,   
作者: 孔祥齐：济宁医学院精神卫生学院，山东 济宁；李大江：乳山市康宁医院精神科，山东 威海；陈 旭*：山东省精神卫生中心成瘾医学科，山东 济南
关键词: 酒精戒断综合征；氧化应激；蛋白激酶；线粒体；炎症；17β-雌二醇；食欲素；Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome； Oxidative Stress； Protein Kinase； Mitochondria； Inflammation； 17β-Estradiol； Orexin
摘要: 酒精是全球疾病和死亡的重要风险因素之一。饮酒会对多个器官造成损伤，过度饮酒可能会对大脑等器官造成损伤。酒精被认为是一种神经毒素和中枢神经系统抑制剂，酒精通过一系列直接或间接因素改变大脑关键区域的神经元兴奋性。长期饮酒者由于饮酒量的突然减少或停止而出现一系列症状和体征称为酒精戒断综合征(Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, AWS)。许多研究没有对使用酒精和酒精戒断(Ethanol Withdrawal, EW)各自产生的不同影响进行区分，因此尚不能明确EW患者损伤机制与酒精、EW之间的关系，亦或是在两者共同参与下造成的。对酒精与EW的影响进行区别很重要，因为EW导致的影响与酒精本身对于患者的影响相是不同的。研究发现，在酒精戒断对于患者产生的影响中食欲素存在重要意义，食欲素在药物渴求、戒断和复发中发挥重要作用。本文将从EW对大脑产生损伤的不同机制，以及雌激素如何发挥保护作用等方面综述近年研究情况，以期为进一步研究提供参考。
Abstract: Alcohol is one of the important risk factors for disease and death worldwide. Alcohol consumption can cause damage to multiple organs, among which the brain is an important organ harmed by al-cohol, alcohol is considered a neurotoxin and central nervous system depressant, and alcohol pro-duces various effects by altering neuronal excitability and reticular system activity in key areas of the brain leading to alcohol addiction and corresponding brain damage. Long-term drinkers devel-op Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) due to a sudden decrease or cessation of alcohol consump-tion. Many studies have not distinguished between the different effects of alcohol use and Ethanol Withdrawal (EW), so it is unclear whether the mechanism of injury in people with EW is related to alcohol or EW, or whether they are a combination of both. It is important to distinguish between the effects of alcohol and EW, as the effects of EW are different from the effects of alcohol itself on pa-tients. In addition, orexins have been found to play an important role in drug craving, withdrawal, and relapse, and play an important role in the effects of alcohol withdrawal on patients. In this arti-cle, we will review the recent research from the different mechanisms of EW damage to the brain and how estrogen plays a protective role, in order to provide reference for further research.
文章引用：孔祥齐, 李大江, 陈旭. 酒精戒断所致脑损伤机制研究的新进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(12): 20522-20530. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13122886

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