论法兰克福学派社会主义观的批判理论及向度

On the Critical Theory and Direction of the Frankfurt School View of Socialism

摘要: 法兰克福学派在其理论中继承和发展了马克思主义的精髓。但相较于关注政治经济的传统马克思主义，法兰克福学派更注重意识形态和文化与各种经济因素之间的相互关联。在资本主义新变化的背景下，在继承马克思主义理论的基础上，法兰克福学派重建了马克思历史唯物主义，并保持对资本主义的批判态度。他们的社会主义观虽与传统马克思主义有所不同，但并非提出完美模式，而是揭示现实社会缺陷，展示改变资本主义的可能性。本文将对法兰克福学派的社会主义观进行梳理，并探讨其是否偏离了马克思主义的基本理念，对法兰克福学派的批判理论价值予以阐释，为法兰克福学派进行辩护，证明其并未违背马克思主义。

Abstract: The Frankfurt School inherited and developed the essence of Marxism in its theory. However, com-pared with traditional Marxism which focuses on political economy, the Frankfurt School pays more attention to the interconnection between ideology and culture and various economic factors. Against the background of new changes in capitalism, on the basis of inheriting Marxist theory, the Frankfurt School reconstructed Marxian historical materialism and maintained a critical attitude towards capitalism. Their view of socialism, though different from traditional Marxism, is not to propose a perfect model, but to reveal the real social defects and show the possibility of changing capitalism. This paper will sort out the Frankfurt School’s view of socialism and explore whether it deviates from the basic concepts of Marxism, explain the value of the Frankfurt School’s critical theory, and defend the Frankfurt School and prove that it does not violate Marxism.