劳动与资本——马克思私有财产批判的双重向度

Labor and Capital—The Double Dimensions of Marx’s Criticism of Private Property

摘要: 马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中写道：“私有财产的关系潜在地包含着作为劳动的私有财产的关系和作为资本的私有财产的关系，以及这两种表现的相互关系”。这句话的意思就是说：私有财产分为“作为劳动的私有财产”和“作为资本的私有财产”，换言之，私有财产既不等同于劳动，也不等同于资本，劳动和资本分别代表着私有财产的两种形式并且其两者之间存在着内在的关联性。私有财产和劳动、资本和异化劳动一一对应，“作为劳动的私有财产”彰显着人类的本质力量，为实现人类社会的可持续发展保驾护航。

Abstract: Marx wrote in 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts: “The relationship of private property potentially includes the relationship between private property as labor and private property as capital, as well as the mutual relationship between these two kinds of performance”. The meaning of this sentence is that private property is divided into “private property as labor” and “private property as capital”, in other words, private property is neither equal to labor nor capital, labor and capital respectively represent two forms of private property and there is an inherent correlation be-tween the two. Private property corresponds to labor, capital and alienated labor. “Private property as labor” shows the essential power of human beings and escorts the sustainable development of human society.