低温症的研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospect of Hypothermia

摘要: 随着海军战略转型的发展，活动海域逐渐由近海走向远洋，海上发生遇险落水等突发状况逐年增加，对落水人员开展现场救援的需求更加紧迫。据研究表明，约2/3海上落水人员由于冷海水浸泡导致的体温过度降低而死亡。海水为高渗，比热容、导热系数是空气的数倍，人体在海水中的散热量是空气中的26倍。因此，研究海上落水人员低温症，同时进行有效的救治，是当前海军卫勤工作的重要部分之一。

Abstract: With the development of the Navy’s strategic transformation, the active sea area is gradually mov-ing from the offshore to the open ocean, and the occurrence of emergencies such as falling into the water at sea is gradually increasing, and the demand for on-site rescue of drowning personnel is more prominent. Studies have shown that about two thirds of the deaths of people falling into the sea are caused by low temperatures caused by cold seawater immersion. Seawater is hyperosmotic, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are several times that of air, heat dissipation of the human body in seawater is 26 times that in the air. Therefore, it is one of the important parts of the current naval health service to study the hypothermia of people falling into the sea and carry out effective treatment.