脑卒中后平衡功能障碍的评定与康复训练进展

Assessment of Balance Dysfunction and Pro-gress in Rehabilitation Training after Stroke

摘要: 脑卒中发生后，由于神经元坏死，而神经元的修复程度有限且进展缓慢，导致在疾病不再进展后仍遗留一系列后遗症，其中由于感觉(本体感觉、前庭觉、视觉等)、躯体控制及运动整合、认知等功能的障碍会引起平衡功能障碍。本综述就脑卒中后存在平衡功能障碍患者的平衡功能评价量表的选择、康复治疗手段的研究进展进行综述，了解常见的平衡功能相关康复评估量表的适用范围、使用方法及各自的优缺点。常见对于脑卒中后平衡障碍的患者的康复治疗包括肌力训练、感觉训练、物理因子治疗、机器人辅助训练、机电生物反馈训练及传统中医的康复训练等，其目的在于从不同角度改善平衡功能障碍，防治跌倒，增强患者自理能力，为脑卒中后平衡功能障碍患者的康复治疗提供科学、有效的依据。

Abstract: After the occurrence of stroke, neuronal necrosis and the limited and slow progress of neuronal re-pair lead to a series of sequelae that remain after the disease no longer progresses, among which balance dysfunction can be caused by dysfunctions in sensation (proprioception, vestibular sensa-tion, vision, etc.), somatic control and motor integration, and cognition. This review provides an overview of the selection of balance function assessment scales for patients with balance dysfunc-tion after stroke, the progress of research on rehabilitation therapies, and an understanding of the scope of application, methods of use, and respective advantages and disadvantages of common bal-ance function-related rehabilitation assessment scales. Common rehabilitation treatments for pa-tients with post-stroke balance disorders include muscle strength training, sensory training, physi-cal factor therapy, robot-assisted training, electromechanical biofeedback training, and rehabilita-tion training in traditional Chinese medicine, etc. The purpose of these treatments is to improve the balance dysfunction, prevent and control falls, and enhance the patient’s ability to take care of themselves from different perspectives, so as to provide a scientific and effective basis for the reha-bilitation treatment of patients with post-stroke balance dysfunctions.