全球数据跨境流动国际法规制现状、问题及解决

Current Situation, Problems and Solutions of International Law Regulation of Global Cross-Border Data Flow

摘要: 数据被誉为数字时代的“石油”，对数据跨境流动进行国际法规制是必要的，对数据跨境流动的不同立场以及本国的实际国情目前全球已经形成了四种典型跨境数据规制模式，通过梳理目前存在的四种跨境数据规制模式的内容，发展进程等，进一步分析目前数据跨境流动国际法规制存在的主要问题，主要包括数据跨境流动国际法规制的碎片化问题、长臂主义下的数据跨境流动引发的管辖冲突、现行的国际规制效力有限性、全球数据跨境流动监管合作的缺失。数据跨境流动的国际法规制仅仅靠少数国家制定单边规则、数据霸权主义，无法体现大多数国家的共同关切，无法实现数据红利的普遍享有，无法促进数字经济的循环发展。通过目前数据跨境流动存在的问题，提出数据跨境流动国际法规制的解决方案，包括提高跨境数据规制的兼容性、解决跨境数据流动中的管辖冲突、打破数据跨境流动效力壁垒、加强数据跨境流动的国际监管合作，进一步完善数据跨境流动的规制体系，促进数据在全球自由、安全、有序的流动。

Abstract: Data is known as the “oil” of the digital age, and it is necessary to regulate cross-border data flow through international law. Different positions on cross-border data flow and the actual national conditions of the country have formed four typical cross-border data regulation models worldwide. By reviewing the content and development process of the four existing cross-border data regulation models, this paper further analyzes the main problems in international legal regulation of cross-border data flow. This mainly includes the fragmentation of international legal regulations on cross-border data flows, jurisdictional conflicts arising from cross-border data flows under the Long Arm Doctrine, the limited effectiveness of current international regulations, and the lack of global cooperation in regulating cross-border data flows. The international legal regulation of cross-border data flow relies solely on a few countries formulating unilateral rules and data hegemony, which cannot reflect the common concerns of the major-ity of countries, achieve universal access to data dividends, and promote the circular development of the digital economy. Based on the current problems in cross-border data flow, propose solutions for international legal regulation of cross-border data flow, including improving the compatibility of cross-border data regulation, resolving jurisdictional conflicts in cross-border data flow, breaking down barriers to the effectiveness of cross-border data flow, strengthening international regulatory cooperation in cross-border data flow, further improving the regulatory system for cross-border data flow, and promoting the free, secure, and orderly flow of data globally.