环境监测在公路两旁农田土壤重金属的分析与评价上的应用

Application of Environmental Monitoring in the Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils on Both Sides of Highways

摘要: 随着交通运输业的迅速发展，公路两旁农田表层土壤重金属污染日益突出，本文选取乌昌快速公路为研究对象，经过野外调查取样进行室内分析，依据《土壤和沉积物铜、锌、铅、镍、铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法》(HJ491-2019)，对该路段两侧农田土壤样品中的铜、铬、铅和锌4种金属元素进行了测定。测定结果显示，该公路两侧农田土壤重金属污染随距路基距离的增加整体呈降低的趋势；路边防护林和绿化带对重金属的累积和迁移有重要影响；结合重金属单因子和综合污染指数评价可知，重金属Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb均未对土壤造成危害，但Cu有污染土壤的潜在风险，主要来自于刹车和散热器的腐蚀磨损。

Abstract: With the rapid development of transportation industry, heavy meal pollution of farmland topsoil on both sides of highway is increasingly prominent. In this paper, the Wuchang expressway was selected as the research object, and indoor analysis was carried out through field investigation and sampling, and the contents of copper, chromium, lead and zinc in soils samples from farmland on both sides of the road were determined based on the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of copper, zinc, nickel and chromium in soils and sediments (HJ491-2019). The results showed that the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil on both sides of the highway decreased with the increase of the distance from the roadbed, roadside shelterbelts and green belts had an important effect on the accumulation and migration of heavy metals. Combined with the evaluation of single factor and comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals, it can be seen that heavy metals Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb do not harm the soil, but Cu has the potential risk of polluting the soil, mainly from the corrosion and wear of brakes and radiators.