安保义务中补充责任的解释与适用

Interpretation and Application of Supplementary Liability among the Safety-Guard Duty

摘要: 《民法典》第1198条规定了安全保障义务领域内的补充责任，这一责任承担方式为第三人侵权型违反安保义务情形下多个责任人之间的责任分担提供了较为合理的解决方案。补充责任具有顺序性，承担的前提是安保义务人具有过错。补充责任是独立于连带责任、按份责任、不真正连带责任的特殊责任形态。立法中“相应的补充责任”应当解释为补充责任的承担要与安保义务人过错程度相适应，并应当在立法中明确责任限额。根据过错责任原理与制度设计要求，应当赋予安保义务人对第三人的追偿权。

Abstract: Article 1198 of Civil Code stipulates the supplementary liability of the safety-guard duty, which provides a reasonable solution for the liability sharing among multiple persons under the condition that the third-party violates the safety-guard duty. The supplementary responsibility is sequential, and the premise of it is that the obligor is at fault. Supplementary liability is a special form of liability that is independent of joint and several liability, partial liability and unreal joint-liability. In the legislation, “corresponding supplementary liability” should be interpreted as the assumption of supplementary liability should be commensurate with the fault degree of the obligors, and the limit of liability should be specified in the legislation. According to the principle of fault liability and the requirements of the system design, the safety-guard duty obligors shall be given the recourse right against the third-party.