基于RFID技术的风险规避型双渠道供应链投资决策研究

Research on Decision-Making of Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Risk-Averse Retailer Based on RFID Technology

摘要: 本文在单一零售商和制造商构成的双渠道供应链中仅零售渠道发生库存损耗，研究实施RFID技术消除库存损耗对定价及收益的影响，同时引入均值–方差理论研究零售商的风险厌恶偏好对实施RFID技术的决策影响。研究发现：1) 不采用RFID技术时零售商的库存损耗率、采用RFID技术后的单位标签成本均会影响零售价和批发价，且不影响直销价，进而影响各成员的期望收益；2) 不论是否采用RFID技术，零售商的风险厌恶程度均会影响零售价和批发价，且应用RFID技术后，零售价低于不采用时的零售价，批发价高于不采用时的批发价；3) 当零售商的风险厌恶程度给定时，当且仅当单位标签成本低于某一阈值，零售商和制造商均可从RFID技术中获益，且这个阈值与产品生产成本、零售商的库存损耗率有关。

Abstract: In a dual-channel supply chain with a single retailer and a manufacturer, inventory loss occurs only in the retail channel. This paper investigates the impact on pricing and revenue when implementing RFID technology to eliminate the inventory loss problem. Meanwhile, it also introduces the mean-variance theory to study the impact of retailers’ risk averse preferences on the decision to implement RFID technology. It is found that: 1) retailers’ inventory loss rate without RFID technology, unit tag cost with RFID technology affect retail and wholesale prices, and do not affect direct sale price, and then affect the expected returns of each member; 2) retailers’ risk aversion affects retail and wholesale prices whether he adopts RFID technology or not. And after the application of RFID technology, the retail price is lower than that without adoption, and the wholesale price is higher than that without adoption; 3) when retailers’ risk aversion is given, retailer and manufacturer can benefit from RFID technology only if the cost per unit of tags is below a certain threshold, which is related to the production cost of the product, and the retailer’s inventory loss rate.