民用核活动跨界环境损害责任与赔偿国际法律制度研究

Study on the International Legal Regime of Liability and Compensation for Transboundary Environmental Damage from Civilian Nuclear Activities

摘要: 本论文系统研究了民用核活动跨界环境损害的责任与赔偿国际法律制度，分为四个主要部分：首先，对民用核活动及其造成跨界环境损害作出解释与界定；其次，重点阐述核活动跨界环境损害的责任与赔偿问题的理论基础，并简要梳理现存的国际立法体系；接着，梳理现行法律制度，并指出存在着法律制度缺失、赔偿范围争议、救济途径障碍以及执行监管缺位等方面的不足；最后，针对存在的问题尝试性地提出了建议，包括完善相关国际条约、发挥国家责任的作用、优化司法救济途径并加强国际合作等等，旨在更全面有效地解决民用核活动跨界环境损害责任与赔偿问题，从而实现核能开发与利用的可持续发展。

Abstract: This thesis is a systematic study of the international legal regime of liability and compensation for transboundary environmental damage from civil nuclear activities, organized into four main parts: firstly, the definition of civilian-nuclear activities and transboundary environmental damage caused by them; secondly, the theoretical basis of liability and compensation for transboundary environment damage caused by civilian-nuclear activities and briefly combs the existing international legislative system; next, the article comprehends the existing legal system and points out that there are deficiencies in terms of the absence of a legal system, disputes over the scope of compensation, obstacles in the way of remedies and the lack of supervision of implementation, etc.; lastly, the article attempts to put forward proposals in response to the existing problems, including improving the relevant international treaties, giving full play to the role of State liability, optimizing judicial remedies and strengthening international cooperation, etc., with the aim of resolving the issue of liability and compensation for transboundary environmental damage caused by civilian nuclear activities in a more comprehensive and effective manner, so as to achieve the sustainable development of nuclear energy development and utilization.