我国预备犯处罚模式的适用困境与重构

The Dilemma and Reconstruction of the Application of the Punishment Mode of Preparatory Crime in Our Country

摘要: 自1979年《刑法》将犯罪预备的概念及普遍处罚原则予以规定，1997年《刑法》继续沿用后，预备犯普遍处罚模式一直体现着刑法严惩理念。随着2015年《刑法修正案(九)》将部分罪名的预备行为予以实行行为化，反映出并非所有犯罪的预备行为都具有可罚性，以及在司法实践中，普遍处罚模式在法理基础上、行为具体界定以及定罪现实可能性上都存在司法适用困难的不利局面，故在综合对犯罪类型和法定刑角度进行考量后，应当将目前预备犯普遍处罚原则进行立法上的重构，以解决不当的刑法规定与日趋稳定的社会治安形势之间的矛盾，更好地实现刑罚的科学化、合理化和人性化。

Abstract: Since 1979, the concept of criminal preparation and the principle of universal punishment have been stipulated in the “Criminal Law”, and since 1997, the universal punishment model of preparatory crime has always reflected the concept of severe punishment in the “Criminal Law”. As the 2015 “Criminal Law Amendment (IX)” has implemented the conduct of preparatory acts for some crimes, reflecting that not all preparatory acts for crimes are punishable, and in judicial practice, the general punishment mode has an unfavorable situation of difficulty in judicial application on the basis of jurisprudence, the specific definition of acts and the realistic possibility of conviction. Therefore, after considering the types of crime and the angle of legal punishment, we should reconstruct the current principle of universal punishment for prepared crime in legislation, so as to solve the contradiction between improper criminal law provisions and the increasingly stable social security situation, and better realize the scientific, rational and humanized punishment.