偷换二维码行为的刑法学定性

The Qualitative of Criminal Law of the Act of Illegally Changing QR Code

摘要: 随着科学技术的进步与发展，通过二维码扫码支付的行为方式已经变得非常普遍，但是与此同时也衍生出一系列财产类犯罪难题，其中就包括偷换二维码行为的刑法学定性问题。偷换二维码的行为涉及三方主体，因而应当以区分的视角来进行定性分析。具体来说，该行为构成了对商家的盗窃罪以及对顾客的诈骗罪，但是由于该行为侵害的法益具备单一性且只有一个危害后果，因此无法适用想象竞合犯的处理方式。对于此类偷换二维码案件，需要通过民事的不真正义务分配以及权利外观理论，确定真正的被害人为商家，同时将本案之行为对象解释为债权，最终认定为盗窃罪。

Abstract: With the progress and development of science and technology, the behavior of scanning QR code payment has become very common, but at the same time, it also derived a series of property crime problems, including the criminal law qualitative problem of changing QR code behavior. The behavior of changing QR code involves three subjects, so it should be qualitatively analyzed from the perspective of differentiation. Specifically, the act constitutes the crime of theft to the merchant and the crime of fraud to the customer, but because the legal interest infringed by the act has a single and only one harmful consequence, it is impossible to apply the method of imaginary concurrence. For such cases of changing QR codes, it is necessary to determine the real victim as the business through the civil untrue obligation distribution and the right appearance theory, and interpret the behavior object of this case as the creditor's rights, and finally identify it as the crime of theft.