地理标志集体商标的正当性使用研究

Study on Legitimate Use of Collective Marks for Geographical Indications

摘要: 胡辣汤、肉夹馍等事件引起了学界对于地理标志、集体商标以及地理标志集体商标权利边界问题的讨论。为了防止地理标志集体商标权利人滥用权利并踏入公共领域，需界定对地理标志集体商标正当使用的构成要件，即善意、描述性非商标性使用，以及明确具体的使用情形，如在菜单、企业字号、包装袋等使用地名和商品名称的行为。才能保障权利人和公众使用利益之间的平衡，打击权利“滥诉”行为。

Abstract: The incidents of spicy soup and meat bun have triggered discussions on the boundary of geographical indications, collective trademarks and collective trademark rights of geographical indications. In order to prevent GI collective trademark owners from abusing their rights and stepping into the public domain, it is necessary to define the constituent elements of fair use of GI collective marks, namely bona fide and descriptive non-trademark use, and to clarify specific use situations, such as the use of geographical names and trade names in menus, business names, packaging bags, etc., in order to ensure the balance between the interests of rights holders and the public, and combat the “abusive litigation” of rights.