浅析意思表示动机错误

An Analysis of Motivational Errors

摘要: 早在德国民法典起草时期，肯定动机错误原则上不予关注的二元论就已存在，在《德国民法典》的立法过程中，性质错误应予关注的例外也被逐渐认可，德国法上意思表示错误构造基本定型。后来为克服解释上的困难，德国学者提出了“主观行为基础障碍”理论。至此，德国法上的二元论更加完善。就我国意思表示错误理论而言，大多学者认为我国应继受德国的错误二元论。然而在实证法上，我国与德国具有明显的不同，即——我国并未从立法论角度确立性质错误应予关注的例外。为缓和严格二元论带来的问题，有学者提出了扩大解释内容错误的“动机表示理论”，但由于该理论争议过大，问题较多，我国不适宜继受之，加之其他解释路径业已突破二元论，故我国选择继受二元论显非合理。笔者认为我国不妨另辟蹊径，适用错误一元论，以期对我国的错误理论构造进行更为合理的解读。

Abstract: As early as in the drafting period of the German civil code, the dichotomy of the principle of recognition of the motive error is not concerned has existed, in the legislative process of the “German Civil Code”, the nature of the error should be concerned about the exceptions have been gradually recognised, the German law on the meaning of the error in the construction of the basic stereotypes. Later, in order to overcome the difficulties in interpretation, German scholars put forward the “subjective behavioural basis of obstacles” theory. So far, the German law dualism is more perfect. In terms of China’s meaning of error theory, most scholars believe that our country should inherit the error of Germany’s dualism. However, in terms of empirical law, China and Germany have obvious differences, that is—China has not established from the perspective of legislation on the nature of the error should be concerned about the exception. In order to alleviate the problems brought about by strict dualism, some scholars put forward the expansion of the interpretation of the content of the error of the “motivation theory”, but due to the theory is too controversial, more problems, our country is not suitable for inheritance, coupled with other interpretation of the path has broken through the dualism, so our country chose to inherit the dualism is not reasonable. The author believes that our country might as well find another way to apply the error monism, in order to provide a more reasonable interpretation of the construction of our error theory.