高校学位撤销行为的反思与完善

Rethinking and Perfecting the Behavior of University Degree Revocation

摘要: 高校学位撤销行为在实践中引发诸多争议，高校自主权与公民受教育权之间存在现实冲突。通过对学位撤销典型争议案件的剖析，可以从学位获得者自身过错、高校设立招生条件的目的以及学位撤销实质条件三个方面反思高校学位撤销行为的合法性与合理性。实践中，类似于“一刀切”的学位撤销行为并非是解决所有此类问题的最佳选择，或可采用暂扣学位证、给予纪律处分、纳入诚信记录等方式达到缓冲效果。此外，应当在立法层面明确学位撤销的性质并分情形设定行为时效，明确学位条例中“舞弊作伪”的释义为资格方面和学术方面。

Abstract: The revocation of university degree has caused many disputes in practice, and there is a realistic conflict between university autonomy and citizens’ right to education. Through the analysis of the typical dispute cases of degree revocation, we can reflect on the legitimacy and rationality of degree revocation from three aspects: the fault of degree recipients, the purpose of setting up enrollment conditions and the essential conditions of degree revocation. In practice, the “one-size-fits-all” degree revocation behavior is not the best choice to solve all such problems, or it can be cushioned by withholding degree certificates, giving disciplinary actions, including integrity records, etc. In addition, the nature of degree revocation should be clarified at the legislative level and the statute of limitations should be set in different cases, and the interpretation of “fraud” in degree regulations should be clarified as qualification and academic aspects.