认罪认罚从宽制度的反思与重塑

Reflection and Development of Leniency System of Guilty Plea in Practice

摘要: 案件数量的庞大与司法资源的相对有限，是司法实践中长期面临的现实问题。司法不断改革，试图达到在合理限度内实现司法资源的有效利用，即在司法公正的基础上，实现司法资源的最大化。在两高三部指导下，颁布了《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》中，可见刑事司法改革的决心。中央政法委工作会议曾明确提到“要在借鉴辩诉交易等制度的合理元素的基础上，抓紧研究提出完善认罪认罚从宽制度的试点方案”。而该制度经过几年的发展，其实践问题也日益突出，如今解决中国实践问题、有效借鉴外国相似制度便是当今之计。本文以本国认罪认罚从宽制度为核心展开论述，重点探讨该制度所存在的实践问题并结合域外相似制度进行分析、借鉴，以更好重塑本土制度。

Abstract: The large number of cases and the relatively limited judicial resources are long-term practical problems faced by judicial practice. Judicial reform continues, trying to achieve the effective use of judicial resources within a reasonable limit, that is, on the basis of judicial justice, to achieve the maximum of judicial resources. The determination of criminal justice reform can be seen in the guiding Opinions on the Application of leniency system of Guilty plea issued under the guidance of the two and three ministries. At the working meeting of the Central Political and Legal Commission, it was clearly mentioned that “we should study and put forward a pilot scheme to improve the leni-ency system of guilty plea on the basis of learning from reasonable elements of the system such as plea bargaining.” After several years of development, the practical problems of this system have become increasingly prominent. Now it is the best way to solve China’s practical problems and learn from similar foreign systems effectively. This paper focuses on the domestic leniency system of guilty plea, focuses on the practical problems of the system, and analyzes and draws lessons from similar systems outside the country, so as to better reshape the local system.