高油大果花生新品种郑花6号产量构成因素的相关和通径分析

Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield Components of Zhenghua 6: A New Peanut Variety with High Oil and Big Pod

摘要: 分析影响高油大果花生品种郑花6号主要农艺性状对产量性状的直接、间接作用及其决定系数，为优化品种布局，丰富花生优质高产栽培理论提供参考。选用连续两年郑花6号参试的22个花生品种(系)为试验材料，运用基因环境互作双标图综合评价参试品种的丰产、稳产及适应性并评价18个试点的代表性和鉴别力，并利用SPSS对高油大果花生新品种郑花6号的产量及农艺性状进行相关分析和通径分析。双标图结果显示，两年产量性状的总变异值(PC1 + PC2)变异幅度为45.73%~67.28%，初步明确了密云、青岛、菏泽和濮阳、潍坊、安阳试验点对产量性状具有较强辨别力和较高的代表性，郑花6号丰产稳产性均较好，适合在河南、辽宁、山东、河北、江苏、安徽等省份大面积推广。变异分析表明单株结果数、主茎高、侧枝长的变异系数较大，出米率的变异系数最小，9个性状的变异系数在3.89~21.72%；相关分析结果显示，百果重、总分枝数、百仁重、结果枝数、出仁率、单株果数与荚果产量呈正相关，但无显著相关性(p > 0.05)，相关程度表现为百果重(r = 0.407) > 百仁重(r = 0.283) > 结果枝数(r = 0.244) > 出米率(r = 0.227) > 总分枝数(r = 0.189) > 单株果数(r = 0.175)；主茎高(r = −0.104)、侧枝长(r = −0.115)与荚果产量呈负相关，但无显著相关性(p > 0.05)。通径分析结果表明，主茎高(直接通径系数 = 1.163)，对产量的直接影响最大，其次为百果重(直接通径系数 = 0.945)、单株果数(直接通径系数 = 0.339)和出米率(直接通径系数 = 0.305)。株高、百果重和单株果数是影响郑花6号产量的主要参考性状，可作为郑花6号高产特征的指标参考，并协同出米率、结果枝数进行选择。在郑花6号栽培中应配合适宜播期，择适宜播种密度，建立合理群体结构，加强后期管理，控制株高，以实现优质高效栽培目标。

Abstract: Analyze the direct and indirect effects and determination coefficients of the main agronomic traits on yield traits of the high oil and large pod peanut variety Zhenghua 6, in order to optimize variety layout and enrich the theory of high-quality and high-yield cultivation of peanuts. 22 peanut varie-ties (lines) of Zhenghua 6 tested for two consecutive years were selected as experimental materials, and the high yield, stable yield and adaptability of the tested varieties were comprehensively eval-uated by using the gene-environment interaction biplot, and the representativeness and discrimi-nation of 18 pilot varieties were evaluated. The yield and agronomic traits of the new high-oil large-pod peanut variety Zhenghua 6 were analyzed by using SPSS. The biplot results showed that the variation range of PC1 + PC2 was 45.73%~67.28%. It was preliminarily confirmed that Miyun, Qingdao, Heze, Puyang, Weifang and Anyang test sites had strong differentiation and high repre-sentativeness for yield traits, and Zhenghua 6 had good yield stability, suitable for large-scale pro-motion in Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. The results of var-iation analysis showed that the variation coefficients of pod number per plant, main stem height and lateral branch length were large, and the variation coefficients of rice yield were the smallest, ranging from 3.89% to 21.72%. Correlation analysis showed that pod weight, total branch number, kernel weight, pod branch number, pod number per plant were positively correlated with pod yield, but there was no significant correlation (p > 0.05). The correlation was as follows: 100 pod weight (r = 0.407) > 100 kernel weight (r = 0.283) > number of pod branches (r = 0.244) > rice yield (r = 0.227) > total branch number (r = 0.189) > pod number per plant (r = 0.175). Main stem height(r = −0.104) and lateral branch length (r = −0.115) were negatively correlated with pod yield, but there was no significant correlation (p > 0.05). The results of diameter analysis showed that main stem height (direct diameter coefficient = 1.163) had the greatest direct effect on yield, fol-lowed by hundred pod weight (direct diameter coefficient = 0.945), pod number per plant (direct diameter coefficient = 0.339) and pod yield (direct diameter coefficient = 0.305). Plant height, pod weight and pod number per plant are the main reference traits affecting the yield of Zhenghua 6, which can be used as the index reference for the high yield characteristics of Zhenghua 6, and can be selected together with the pod yield rate and the number of pod branches. In the cultivation of Zhenghua 6, we should match suitable sowing date, select suitable sowing density, establish rea-sonable population structure, strengthen late management and control plant height, so as to achieve high quality and efficient cultivation.