奖惩激励对羞怯个体面孔情绪识别的影响

The Effect of Reward and Punishment Incentives on Facial Emotion Recognition of Shy Individuals

摘要: 目的：探究奖惩激励对羞怯个体面孔情绪识别的影响。方法：本研究利用羞怯量表筛选被试(羞怯组22人；非羞怯组22人)，采用线索–靶子实验范式和混合设计，考察羞怯和非羞怯被试在奖励、惩罚、中性情境中对正性、负性和中性面孔进行识别的正确率和反应时。结果：正确率结果无显著差异。然而，反应时结果表明奖惩激励促进了羞怯个体对情绪面孔的识别；而对于非羞怯个体，除了情绪面孔，奖惩激励也促进了中性面孔识别。此外，用奖励和惩罚试次的反应时减去中性试次的反应时获得了反应时差值。结果表明，在加工正性面孔时，羞怯个体的奖惩激励差值大于非羞怯个体(负性面孔未达显著性水平)。结论：上述结果为奖惩激励促进了羞怯个体情绪面孔识别提供了证据，同时表明不同动机/情绪凸显信息可能呈现出一种累积效应，导致羞怯个体察觉到更多威胁信息。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of reward and punishment incentive on face emotion recognition of shy individuals. Method: 44 shy and non-shy college students were selected and asked to discriminate a positive, neutral, or negative face, which was preceded by a reward, punishment incentive or non-incentive cue, and was followed by a feedback stimulus regarding fastness and correctness of the response. Result: There was no significant difference in accuracy results. However, RT results showed that reward and punishment inspired the recognition of emotional faces for shy students, but inspired the recognition of both emotional faces and neutral faces for non-shy students. Difference value were obtained by subtracting RTs in neutral trials from RTs in reward, punishment trials and showed that when processing positive faces, the difference value of shy students was greater than non-shy students (the difference of negative faces did not reach a significant level). Conclusion: The above results provide evidence that reward and punishment incentives inspired emotional face recognition of shy individuals and indicated that different motivational/emotional salience information may increase the cumulative contextual risk therefore making shy individuals detect more social threats.