2014~2019年黑龙江省典型空气污染物时空分布特征及空气质量评价研究

Research on the Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Air Quality Evaluation of Typical Air Pollutants in Heilongjiang Province from 2014 to 2019

摘要: 本研究获取2014~2019年黑龙江省12个地级市和1个地区空气中细颗粒物(PM_2.5)，可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)，二氧化硫(SO₂)，二氧化氮(NO₂)，一氧化碳(CO)和臭氧8小时平均(O₃-8H)六种主要空气污染物的平均浓度。利用SPSS软件统计学分析方法和ArcGIS插值分析对研究区六种典型空气污染物的时空分布特征进行分析，并结合空气质量分指数计算方法和空气质量等级评价方法对空气质量进行评价。研究结果表明：2014~2019年空气污染物浓度有所降低，污染物浓度变化具有一定的季节性。六项污染物城市间差异性显著，总体呈现南高北低的态势，但不同污染物的分布有所不同。黑龙江省空气污染主要污染物为PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃-8H，哈尔滨空气质量最差，绥化、齐齐哈尔、鹤岗、双鸭山、大庆、七台河及牡丹江空气质量较差，鸡西、佳木斯及黑河空气质量较好，大兴安岭、伊春空气质量最好。植被覆盖率高的地区空气质量较好，人口密集城市、农业城市空气质量较差。

Abstract: This study obtained the average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable par-ticulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone 8-hour average (O₃-8H) in the air of 12 prefecture-level cities and 1 region in Heilongjiang Province from 2014 to 2019. Used the SPSS software statistical analysis method and ArcGIS interpolation analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of six typical air pollutants in the study area, and combined the air quality sub-index calculation method and air quality level evaluation method to evaluate air quality. The research results indicate that the concentration of air pollutants has decreased from 2014 to 2019, and the changes in pollutant concentration have certain seasonality. There are significant differences among cities in the six pollutants, showing an overall trend of high in the south and low in the north, but the distribution of different pollutants varies. The main pollutants in air pollution in Heilongjiang Province are PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and O₃-8H. Harbin has the worst air quality, while Suihua, Qiqihar, Hegang, Shuangyashan, Daqing, Qitaihe, and Mudanjiang have poor air quality. Jixi, Jiamusi, and Heihe have better air quality, while Daxing’anling and Yichun have the best air quality. Areas with high vegetation coverage have better air quality, while densely populated cities and agricultural cities have poorer air quality.