关联公司法人人格否认司法裁判路径的审视

A Review of the Judicial Path of Denial of Corporate Personality of Affiliated Companies

摘要: 横向人格否认案件裁判依据未明确统一，实务中法官对关联公司能否适用人格混同存在困惑。背后原因是裁判依据的缺失。横向人格否认案件的主要行为类型为人格混同，认定关联公司人格混同的关键在于财产混同。不论表现出的行为类型是人格混同亦或是过度支配与控制，关联公司人格否认行为要件判断背后的实质逻辑是公司的决策自主性受不当影响，公司行为和决策不再以公司独立利益为导向。作为侵权纠纷，“严重损害债权人利益”的损害结果应当是适用横向人格否认的实质因素，但是在司法实践中，法官并未普遍重视结果要件的审理，由此可能导致对债权人的不当倾斜保护。

Abstract: The basis for adjudication of horizontal personality denial cases has not been clearly standardized, and judges in practice are confused as to whether associated companies can apply personality mixing. The reason behind is the lack of adjudication basis. The main type of behavior in horizontal personality denial cases is confusion of personality, the key to recognizing the conflation of personality of alliliates is the property commingling. Regardless of the type of behavior shown is personality mixing or excessive domination and control, associated company personality denial behavior elements behind the judgment of the substantive logic of the company’s decision-making autonomy is unduly affected, the company’s behavior and decision-making is no longer guided by the company’s independent interests. As a tort dispute, the damage result of “seriously harming the interests of creditors” should be the substantive factor for the application of horizontal personality denial, but in judicial practice, judges do not generally pay attention to the trial of the results of the elements, which may lead to improperly tilted protection of creditors.