基于流固耦合的水箱结构优化设计

Optimization Design of Water Tank Structure Based on Fluid Structure Coupling

摘要: 以隧道清洗车的水箱为研究对象，采用单向流固耦合方法，利用有限元分析软件Workbench对水箱内的水冲击晃动问题进行建模和数值分析。对不同端面结构的水箱在不同储水量情况下施加不同制动加速度，形成冲击载荷，获得了水箱在不同工况下所承受的冲击压力和最大载荷。研究结果表明水箱所受冲击载荷受水箱结构、储水量、初始速度、制动加速度的影响。通过分析，双隔板型圆弧头水箱结构良好，在储水量80%时，应力值和形变量都能得到有效控制，验证了水箱计算模型与实际水箱的相符程度，表明所用的单向流固耦合方法具有较好可靠性，为隧道清洗车水箱结构的优化设计提供了可靠的分析方法。

Abstract: Taking the water tank of a tunnel cleaning vehicle as the research object, a unidirectional fluid structure coupling method was used to model and numerically analyze the water impact and shak-ing problem inside the water tank using the finite element analysis software Workbench. By apply-ing different braking accelerations to water tanks with different end face structures under different water storage conditions, an impact load was formed, and the impact pressure and maximum load that the water tank was subjected to under different working conditions were obtained. The re-search results indicate that the impact load on the water tank is influenced by the structure of the water tank, water storage capacity, initial speed, and braking acceleration. Through analysis, it was found that the double baffle type circular arc head water tank has a good structure. When the water storage capacity is 80%, the stress value and shape variable can be effectively controlled, verifying the consistency between the calculation model of the water tank and the actual water tank. It indi-cates that the one-way fluid solid coupling method used has good reliability, providing a reliable analysis method for the optimization design of the water tank structure of tunnel cleaning vehicles.