摘薹次数对菜油两用甘蓝型油菜生长发育及光合特性的影响

Effects of Times of Bolt Picking on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Oil and Vegetable Dual-Purpose Brassica Napus

摘要: 为探究摘薹次数对菜油两用甘蓝型油菜生长发育及光合特性的影响，本研究采用单因素随机区组设计，以菜油湘-1为试验材料，设不摘薹、摘薹1次和摘薹2次三个处理，在大田试验条件下测定植株的生长发育指标、光合指标及产量。结果表明：摘薹1次，油菜薹期和花期时的单株叶面积、叶面积指数显著增大，冠层透光率降低，但消光系数也显著降低，光在冠层中的分布更均匀，群体光合能力显著增强，且部分重要农艺性状及籽粒产量与不摘薹相比无显著差异；摘薹2次与不摘薹相比，油菜在薹期和花期时的光合面积以及光合面积指数虽有增大，但在角果期显著降低，冠层透光率在角果期最高，消光系数也最大，叶片和角果的净光合速率大幅降低，群体光合能力显著减弱，部分重要农艺性状指标以及籽粒产量也显著减少。综上，一次摘薹对油菜群体冠层结构具有显著的优化作用，使冠层的光分布更为均匀，在保证产量的同时，还能够额外获得菜薹收益，当菜油湘-1作为菜油两用型油菜时，一次摘薹是最佳选择。

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of times of bolt picking on growth and development and photo-synthetic characteristics of oil and vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed, this study adopts a single fac-tor block design, using Cai You Xiang-1 as the experimental material, with three treatments: nobolt picking, once of bolt picking and twice of bolt picking, measure the growth and development indi-cators, photosynthetic indicators and yield of plants under field experimental conditions. The re-sults showed that after once of bolt picking, the leaf area of per plant and leaf area index significantly increased during the bolting and flowering stage of rapeseed. The canopy transmittance de-creased, but the light extinction coefficient also significantly decreased. The distribution of light in the canopy was more uniform, and the photosynthetic capacity of the population was significantly enhanced. Some important agronomic traits and seed field were not significantly different from those without bolt picking; compared with no bolt picking, the photosynthetic area and photosyn-thetic area index of rapeseed increased during the bolting and flowering stages, but significantly decreased during the pod stage. The canopy transmittance was the highest during the pod stage, and the extinction coefficient was also the highest. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves and pods were significantly reduced, and the photosynthetic capacity of population was significantly weak-ened. Some important agronomic traits and seed yield were also significantly reduced. In summary, once of bolt picking has a significant optimization effect on the canopy structure of rapeseed populations, making the light distribution in the canopy more uniform. While ensuring yield, it can also obtain additional benefits from bolting. When Cai You Xiang-1 is used as a oil and vegetable du-al-purpose rapeseed, once of bolt picking is the best choice.