“一带一路”国家农业生产特征及对我国农业科技合作的启示

Agricultural Production Features of the “Belt and Road” Countries and Its Enlightenment to China’s Agricultural Foreign Cooperation

摘要: 在“一带一路”农业对外合作框架下，基于108个带路国家2002~2019年的农业数据，利用超越对数生产函数随机前沿模型分析了带路国家要素产出弹性、技术进步贡献和技术效率水平等农业生产特征。研究发现，带路国家在要素驱动方面存在较大差异，且表现出两极分化特征：非洲地区劳动要素驱动特征明显，化肥投入和粮食产量均较低；欧洲发达国家以及南非、俄罗斯和沙特等国以化肥要素驱动为主，劳动生产率较高。大部分带路国家的化肥产出弹性为正，提高化肥施用量对提高粮食产量具有积极作用；劳动弹性系数普遍偏低，劳动要素投入对粮食产量的促进作用不及化肥投入。除俄罗斯等国以外，农业技术进步对促进粮食产量提高起主导作用，欧洲、东南亚和中南美洲地区的技术效率较高，而除埃及以外的非洲其他地区技术效率普遍较低。

Abstract: Under the framework of the “Belt and Road” agricultural foreign cooperation, this paper used the agricultural data of 108 “Belt and Road” countries during 2002~2019, and the logarithmic produc-tion function stochastic frontier model, to study the agricultural production features, e.g., the factors output elasticity, technology progress contribution and technical efficiency level. The study found that the “Belt and Road” countries differed greatly in terms of driving factors which showed a polar-izing trend: the driving force of labor factors in Africa are obvious, whose fertilizer input and grain output are both low; developed European countries and countries such as South Africa, Russia and Saudi Arabia are driven mainly by fertilizer factor, whose labor productivity is high. The output elasticity of fertilizer is positive in most “Belt and Road” countries, indicating that the increasing use of fertilizer has a positive effect on grain output; the elasticity of labor is generally low, which means that the effect of labor on promoting grain output is less than that of fertilizer. Except for countries as Russia, the technology progress plays a leading role in promoting the agricultural production. The technical efficiency is relatively high for the Europe, Southeast Asia, and Central and Southern America, while that for African countries except South Africa is generally low.