中性粒细胞、白蛋白和纤维蛋白原在喉癌中的作用研究进展

Advances in the Study of the Role of Neutrophils, Albumin and Fibrinogen in Laryngeal Cancer

摘要: 喉癌被认为是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤类型之一，为了提高喉癌患者的生存机会，及时识别高风险患者并为他们提供个性化的治疗是至关重要的。目前对其发生发展机制的认识尚不清楚，因此寻找新的生物学标志物成为研究热点。近几年，血液来源的生物标志物变得越来越吸引人，这是因为血液是一种容易获取、成本低廉、创伤小且容易接受的生物标志物。这些标志物可以通过检测肿瘤相关细胞或体液而间接反映疾病状态。例如，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)在恶性肿瘤治疗中的重要性已被广泛认可。目前临床上主要依靠病理学检查方法判断癌肿性质并以此作为治疗决策依据。因此，对于喉癌患者，我们可以通过寻找新的生物标志物来进行早期的预测和鉴别诊断。近年来，国内外学者对上述标志物及其相互关系展开了大量的实验研究，并取得了一些进展。研究表明，中性粒细胞、白蛋白和纤维蛋白原都与恶性肿瘤的形成有一定的关联，这种关联可能与肿瘤微环境中的炎症反应、营养缺乏和高凝状态有关。此外，还可以推测这些标志物在癌肿生长过程中所起的作用。因此，深入研究这三者在喉癌中的作用原理和它们之间的关联性变得尤其关键。另外，对这些标志物的深入研究，有助于进一步了解喉癌发病机制及其临床治疗方法的选择。本篇文章将对中性粒细胞、白蛋白和纤维蛋白原在喉癌中的角色及其研究进展进行全面回顾。

Abstract: Laryngeal cancer is considered to be one of the most common types of malignant tumors in the head and neck region, and in order to improve the chances of survival of laryngeal cancer patients, timely identification of high-risk patients and provision of personalized treatment for them are crucial. The mechanism of its development is still poorly understood, so the search for new biomarkers has be-come a hot research topic. In recent years, blood-derived biomarkers have become increasingly at-tractive due to the fact that blood is a readily available, inexpensive, less invasive, and accessible biomarker. These markers can indirectly reflect disease status by detecting tumor-associated cells or body fluids. For example, the importance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the treatment of malignant tumors has been widely recognized. At present, the clinic mainly relies on pathological examination methods to determine the nature of cancer and use it as the basis for treatment deci-sions. Therefore, for laryngeal cancer patients, we can find new biomarkers for early prediction and differential diagnosis. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of experimental studies on the above markers and their interrelationships, and some progress has been made. It has been shown that neutrophils, albumin and fibrinogen are all associated with the formation of malignant tumors, and this association may be related to the inflammatory response, nutritional deficiencies and hypercoagulable state in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, it is possible to speculate on the role these markers play in the growth of cancerous tumors. Therefore, it becomes particularly crucial to investigate in depth the rationale for the roles of these three in laryngeal cancer and the correlation between them. In addition, an in-depth study of these markers can help to further understand the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer and the selection of its clinical treatments. In this article, a comprehensive review of the roles of neutrophils, albumin and fibrin-ogen in laryngeal cancer and their research progress will be presented.