基于遥感影像的长白山自然保护区景观格局变化研究

Study on Changes of Landscape Pattern in Changbaishan Nature Reserve Based on Remote Sensing Images

摘要: 长白山自然保护区是我国保存较为完整的一处森林生态系统，其景观格局变化对整个保护区的生态系统具有重要意义。本文基于Landsat遥感影像数据，运用Fragstats4.2软件计算各种景观指数，通过对景观类型面积、优势度指数和多样性指数进行分析从而提出了自然保护区未来的发展趋势和保护措施。本研究以长白山国家级自然保护区为研究对象，以2013、2017年的多波段遥感图像为数据，采用人机交互方法，结合GIS技术，对长白山自然保护区景观格局进行分析，发现该区域景观以林地、草原为主，且随开发年限的增加，景观片段密度、Shannon多样性指数、Shannon均值指数等指标均呈降低趋势。在景观中，片状的均匀分布显示出上升趋势。可以看出，在各种因素的驱动下，景观模型向着多样化和均质性演化，同时在2013年至2017年期间，林地总面积与各类景观面积之比逐渐上升。综上所述，长白山自然保护区内景观格局变化的主要原因是人类活动对森林生态系统造成的影响。

Abstract: Changbaishan Nature Reserve is a relatively well-preserved forest ecosystem in China, and changes in its landscape pattern are of great significance to the ecosystem of the whole reserve. Based on Landsat remote sensing image data, this paper uses Fragstats 4.2 software to calculate various landscape indices, and analyzes the area of landscape types, dominance index and diversity index to propose future development trends and protection measures for the nature reserve. This study takes Changbaishan National Nature Reserve as the research object, takes the multi-band remote sensing images in 2013 and 2017 as the data, adopts the human-computer interaction method, and combines the GIS technology to analyze the landscape pattern of Changbaishan Nature Reserve, and finds that the landscape of the region is dominated by woodland and grassland, and with the increase of the development years, the density of the landscape segments, Shannon diversity index, Shannon mean index and other indicators showed a decreasing trend. In the landscape, the uniform distribution of fragments showed an increasing trend. It can be seen that the landscape model evolved toward diversity and homogeneity driven by various factors, while the ratio of the total area of forested land to the area of various types of landscapes gradually increased during the period from 2013 to 2017. In summary, the main reason for the change of landscape pattern in Changbaishan Nature Reserve is the impact of human activities on the forest ecosystem.