电子游戏中的女性角色：仍旧性感但更加强大
A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games: Sexy But Powerful
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2024.141055, PDF,   
作者: 张梦霞：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 电子游戏；女性角色；内容分析；性化；Video Game； Female Character； Content Analysis； Sexualization
摘要: 为调查近期主流电子游戏中女性角色形象特征，对IGN评选的“2021年最受好评游戏”展开内容分析。发现女性角色的数量显著提升，尤其是担任主要角色和次要角色的女性都比以往更多。女性角色的能力与性化属性存在关联，被赋予超能力的女性角色更容易被全面性化。主要女性角色的性化与能力水平普遍高于次要女性角色，当前游戏界仍以兼具性化和能力的女性形象为主。研究还发现东亚游戏开发者所塑造的女性角色被赋权的同时也伴随着性化，而北美和欧洲游戏开发者更偏向于强调女性所具备的力量而不是性感。总的来说，近年电子游戏中的女性角色较以往更多，她们是性化的，更是广泛具有能力的。
Abstract: This study examined the portrayal of female characters in current video games. We did a content analysis on “The Best Reviewed Games of 2021” (IGN). Results indicate that the number of female characters in our study does a significant improvement over previous studies, and the percentage of primary and secondary female characters has generally increased. There is a correlation between capability and sexualization of female characters, and women with superpowers are more likely to be overtly sexualized than those with physical abilities. Compared to the secondary female charac-ters, the primary female characters are more capable and more sexual. The current gaming indus-try is still dominated by images of women who are both sexualized and capable. The study also found that the female characters in East Asian games are both empowered and sexualized, while North American and European game developers tend to emphasize women’s strength rather than sex appeal. In short, there are more female characters in video games, and they are sexualized but capable.
文章引用：张梦霞 (2024). 电子游戏中的女性角色：仍旧性感但更加强大. 心理学进展, 14(1), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2024.141055

参考文献

[1] 陈思婷(2019). 性别与传播视角下的电子游戏研究. 硕士学位论文, 厦门: 厦门大学.
[2] 李雪莹(2022). 传播学视域下电子游戏中女性角色的变迁研究. 硕士学位论文, 北京: 北京外国语大学.
[3] 马江涛(2018). 性欲化女性游戏角色对初中生女性性别角色态度的影响. 硕士学位论文, 赣州: 赣南师范大学.
[4] American Psychological Associ-ation, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Ameri-can Psychological Association.
[5] Beasley, B., & Collins Standley, T. (2002). Shirts vs. Skins: Clothing as an Indicator of Gender Role Stereotyping in Video Games. Mass Communication and Society, 5, 279-293.[CrossRef] 
[6] Behm-Morawitz, E., & Mastro, D. (2009). The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 61, 808-823.[CrossRef] 
[7] Braun, C. M. J., & Giroux, J. (1989). Arcade Video Games: Proxe-mic, Cognitive and Content Analyses. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 92-105.[CrossRef] 
[8] Burch, R. L., & Johnsen, L. (2020). Captain Dorito and the Bombshell: Supernormal Stimuli in Comics and Film. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14, 115-131.[CrossRef] 
[9] Burnay, J., Bushman, B. J., & Larøi, F. (2019). Effects of Sexualized Video Games on Online Sexual Harassment. Aggressive Behavior, 45, 214-223.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Dietz, T. L. (1998). An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socializa-tion and Aggressive Behavior. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 38, 425-442.[CrossRef] 
[11] Dill, K. E., & Thill, K. P. (2007). Video Game Characters and the So-cialization of Gender Roles: Young People’s Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions. Sex Roles, 57, 851-864.[CrossRef] 
[12] Dill-Shackleford, K. E., Gentile, D., Richter, W., & Dill, J. (2005). Violence, Sex, Race, and Age in Popular Video Games: A Content Analysis. In E. Cole & J. H. Daniel (Eds.), Featuring Females: Feminist Analyses of Media (pp. 115-130). American Psychological Association.[CrossRef] 
[13] Downs, E., & Smith, S. L. (2010). Keeping abreast of Hypersexuality: A Video Game Character Content Analysis. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 62, 721-733.[CrossRef] 
[14] Ferguson, C. J. (2012). Positive Female Role-Models Eliminate Neg-ative Effects of Sexually Violent Media. Journal of Communication, 62, 888-899.[CrossRef] 
[15] Fox, J., Ralston, R. A., Cooper, C. K., & Jones, K. A. (2015). Sexualized Avatars Lead to Women’s Self-Objectification and Acceptance of Rape Myths. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39, 349-362.[CrossRef] 
[16] Fredrickson, B., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women’s Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206.[CrossRef] 
[17] Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1994). Growing up with Television: The Cultivation Perspective. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media Effects: Ad-vances in Theory and Research (pp. 17-41). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
[18] Gray, K. L., Buyukozturk, B., & Hill, Z. G. (2017). Blurring the Boundaries: Using Gamergate to Examine “Real” and Symbolic Violence against Women in Con-temporary Gaming Culture. Sociology Compass, 11, e12458.[CrossRef] 
[19] Groves, C. L., Plante, C., &Lishner, D. A. (2019). The Interaction of Contex-tual Realism and Fantasy Tendency on Aggressive Behavior Following Violent Video Game Play: An Indirect Test of Vio-lent Content Effects. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 134-139.[CrossRef] 
[20] Hayes, A., & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the Call for a Stand-ard Reliability Measure for Coding Data. Communication Methods and Measures, 1, 77-89.[CrossRef] 
[21] Ivory, J. D., & Kalyanaraman, S. (2009). Video Games Make Peo-ple Violent—Well, Maybe Not That Game: Effects of Content and Person Abstraction on Perceptions of Violent Video Games’ Effects and Support of Censorship. Communication Reports, 22, 1-12.[CrossRef] 
[22] Jansz, J., & Martis, R. G. (2007). The Lara Phenomenon: Powerful Female Characters in Video Games. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 56, 141-148.[CrossRef] 
[23] Lynch, T., Tompkins, J. E., van Driel, I. I., & Fritz, N. (2016). Sexy, Strong, and Secondary: A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games across 31 Years. Journal of Communica-tion, 66, 564-584.[CrossRef] 
[24] Martins, N., Williams, D. C., Harrison, K., & Ratan, R. A. (2009). A Content Analysis of Female Body Imagery in Video Games. Sex Roles, 61, 824-836.[CrossRef] 
[25] Perreault, M. F., Perreault, G., & Suarez, A. (2022). What Does It Mean to Be a Female Character in “Indie” Game Storytelling? Narrative Framing and Humanization in Independently De-veloped Video Games. Games and Culture, 17, 244-261.[CrossRef] 
[26] Perreault, M., Perreault, G., Jenkins, J., & Morrison Credeur, A. (2016). Depictions of Female Protagonists in Digital Games: A Narrative Analysis of 2013 DICE Award-Winning Digital Games. Games and Culture, 13, 843-860.[CrossRef] 
[27] Tompkins, J., Lynch, T., Driel, I., & Fritz, N. (2020). Kawaii Killers and Femme Fatales: A Textual Analysis of Female Characters Signifying Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Video Games. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64, 236-254.[CrossRef] 
[28] Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019). Trends in U.S. Adolescents’ Media Use, 1976-2016: The Rise of Digital Media, the Decline of TV, and the (near) Demise of Print. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8, 329-345.[CrossRef] 
[29] Vandenbosch, L., Driesmans, K., Trekels, J., & Eggermont, S. (2016). Sex-ualized Video Game Avatars and Self-Objectification in Adolescents: The Role of Gender Congruency and Activation Fre-quency. Media Psychology, 20, 221-239.[CrossRef] 
[30] Williams, D. (2006). Virtual Cultivation: Online Worlds, Offline Perceptions. Journal of Communication, 56, 69-87.[CrossRef] 
[31] Williams, D., Martins, N., Consalvo, M., & Ivory, J. D. (2009). The Virtual Census: Representations of Gender, Race and Age in Video Games. New Media & Society, 11, 815-834.[CrossRef] 
[32] Yao, M. Z., Mahood, C., & Linz, D. (2010). Sexual Priming, Gender Stereotyping, and Likelihood to Sexually Harass: Examining the Cognitive Effects of Playing a Sexually-Explicit Video Game. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 62, 77-88.[CrossRef] [PubMed]