金属工件热能去毛刺的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study of Thermal Deburring of Metal Workpieces

摘要: 金属材料的零部件表面在机加工过程中产生的毛刺，会直接影响零件的使用寿命，因此采取措施去除零件表面的毛刺就十分重要。本文主要研究的去毛刺方法为热能法去毛刺，采用CFD软件研究了甲烷在密闭燃烧室的燃烧特性以及金属零部件表面毛刺的去除情况，对比分析了毛刺的位置、长宽比、混合气体压力(0.8~1.2 MPa)三种影响因素对毛刺去除效果的影响。结果表明：热能法去毛刺可以有效地去除工件表面的毛刺；毛刺距离点火点越近，去除效果越好，近点火点位置的毛刺根部温度相较于远点火点会高出230℃左右，毛刺去除效果更好；对不同长宽比毛刺的去除效果进行研究，发现毛刺长宽比为3:1时根部温度1200℃，此时毛刺去除效果最佳；另外，当混合气体压力从0.8 MPa提升到1 MPa时，燃烧后流体的最高温度提升了600℃左右，毛刺根部的温度提升了220℃，毛刺的去除效率更高。

Abstract: Metal parts surface burrs generated in the machining process, will directly affect the service life of the parts, so it is very important to take measures to remove burrs on the surface of the parts. In this paper, the main research deburring method for thermal deburring, the use of CFD software to study the combustion characteristics of methane in the closed combustion chamber and the remov-al of burrs on the surface of the metal parts, compared and analyzed the location of the burr, aspect ratio, gas mixture pressure (0.8~1.2 MPa) three influencing factors on the effect of burr removal. The results show that: the thermal energy method can effectively remove the burrs on the surface of the workpiece; the closer the burrs are to the ignition point, the better the removal effect is; the temperature of the root of the burr in the near ignition point position is about 230˚C higher than that in the far ignition point, and the removal effect of the burr is better; the removal effect of the burrs with different aspect ratios is investigated, and it is found that the temperature of the root of the burr when the burr’s aspect ratio is 3:1 is 1200˚C, and the removal effect is best; moreover, when the mixed gas pressure is 0.8~1.2 MPa, the removal effect is better. In addition, when the gas mixture pressure is increased from 0.8 MPa to 1 MPa, the maximum temperature of the post-combustion fluid is increased by about 600˚C, and the temperature at the root of the burr is increased by 220˚C, which results in a higher burr removal efficiency.