慢性阻塞性肺疾病与老年患者营养不良的关系研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Malnutrition in Elderly Patients

摘要: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种以气道慢性阻塞为主要特征的呼吸系统疾病，多数与吸烟有关。是仅次于心血管疾病和中风的人类第三大死因。不仅肺部受累，还会导致呼吸衰竭、肺心病、脑梗、自发性气胸等并发症，继而增加机体耗能，影响消化吸收，引发营养不良。老年慢阻肺患者发生营养不良可高达40%。其再入院率及病死率发生营养不良后也会升高，有研究报道，营养不良是慢阻肺患者急性加重和死亡的独立危险因素。另有研究报道显示，营养不良与COPD病情进展之间相互影响，形成恶性往复，并且营养不良的发生发展中，炎症因子有着重要作用。确定老年慢阻肺患者营养不良相关影响因素及老年慢阻肺患者炎症因子与营养不良的相关性分析极其重要。目的是为临床治疗及改善预后提供参考。

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway obstruction, which is mostly related to smoking. It is the third leading cause of death in hu-mans after cardiovascular disease and stroke. It not only affects the lungs, but also leads to compli-cations such as respiratory failure, pulmonary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and spontaneous pneumothorax, which in turn increases energy consumption, affects digestion and absorption, and leads to malnutrition. Malnutrition can occur in up to 40 per cent of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The readmission rate and mortality rate of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also increase with malnutrition, which has been re-ported to be an independent risk factor for acute exacerbation and death in COPD patients. Other studies have reported that malnutrition interacts with the progression of COPD in a vicious circle, and that inflammatory factors play an important role in the development of malnutrition. It is im-portant to identify the factors affecting malnutrition in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyse the correlation between inflammatory factors and mal-nutrition in elderly patients with COPD, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical treatment and improving prognosis.