《战国策》“自 + V”结构研究

Investigation of the “自 + Verb” Structure in Intrigues of the Warring States

摘要: 上古汉语中“自 + V”结构出现频率较高，本文对《战国策》中的“自”进行定量分析，重点探讨“自”作反身代词时形成的“自 + V”结构。“自 + V”结构主要包含两种类型：一是主谓结构，二是动宾结构，“自”作宾语时宾语前置。同时，本文比较《战国策》时期与现代汉语中的“自 + V”，探讨其词汇化特征：“自”作代词时成词概率更高，并且动宾结构成词化程度远高于主谓结构；“V”相当于二价动词，有着两个论元；从语素分析，“自”与“V”间依然存在主谓与动宾关系；复合词“自 + V”沿用宾语前置句式，因此也含有强调宾语的意义。

Abstract: The “自 + verb” format is usually observed in archaic Chinese. This study focuses on the quantification of the word “自” in Intrigues of the Warring States, with the emphasis on the “自 + verb” format in which “自” served as reflexive pronoun in the sentence. The “自 + verb” format can be divided into two separate categories: subject-predicate structures and verb-object structures. The word “自” will be prepositioned when it serves as the object. Meanwhile, this study compared the “自 + verb” format in Intrigues of the Warring States with those in the modern Chinese to investigate their linguistic features. The research revealed that “自” has a higher lexical probability when used as a pronoun, and verb-object structures are much more common than subject-predicate structures. The verb is inherently equivalent to the bivalent verb, which contains two arguments; In terms of morphemic analysis, there is still a subject-verb-object relationship between “自” and “V”; the compound word “自 + V” follows the object-antecedent syntax, and therefore also contains the sense of emphasizing the object.