25羟维生素D与肺部相关疾病的研究进展

Research Progress of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Lung Related Diseases

摘要: 维生素D缺乏是一个公共卫生问题，影响着全世界超过10亿人，由于许多因素，维生素D水平低的人的比例显著增加。维生素D负责调节钙和磷酸盐的代谢，维持健康的矿化骨骼。研究表明，作为维生素D的活性形式，1,25-二羟基维生素D对先天和适应性免疫系统的多种成分以及内皮膜稳定性具有免疫活性。许多研究表明，血清25-羟基维生素D水平低与多种免疫相关疾病和病症的发展有关，如银屑病、1型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、结核病、败血症和呼吸道感染。1,25(OH)D只有与细胞核中的维生素D受体结合才能发挥其生物学作用。VDR存在于小肠上皮细胞、肾细胞、骨细胞等经典靶细胞以及视网膜、垂体、肌肉、乳腺、卵巢、脾、肺等各种组织中，参与调节骨代谢、钙磷代谢平衡等经典生理功能。它还可以通过免疫调节、炎症抑制、抗纤维化和诱导抗菌肽在各种肺部疾病的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。

Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health problem that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, and the proportion of people with low vitamin D levels has increased significantly due to a number of factors. Vitamin D is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism and main-taining healthy mineralized bones. Studies have shown that, as the active form of vitamin D, 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D exerts immune activity on multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as endothelial membrane stability. Many studies have shown that low se-rum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with the development of a variety of immune-rela- ted diseases and conditions such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid ar-thritis, tuberculosis, sepsis, and respiratory infections. 1,25(OH)D can exert its biological effect only when it combines with vitamin D receptors in the nucleus. VDR exists in classic target cells such as small intestine epithelial cells, kidney cells and bone cells, as well as various tissues such as retina, pituitary, muscle, breast, ovary, spleen and lung, and can participate in classic physiological func-tions of regulating bone metabolism and calcium and phosphorus metabolic balance. It can also play an important role in the occurrence and development of various lung diseases through im-mune regulation, inflammatory inhibition, anti-fibrosis and induction of antimicrobial peptides.