肺结节、肺大疱对于飞行人员健康体检的重要性

Analysis of the Importance of Pulmonary Nodules and Bullosa to the Health Examination of Flight Personnel

摘要: 目的：研究肺结节，包括实性结节和磨玻璃结节、肺大疱在飞行人员体检筛查中的检出率，通过检出率反应其对体检的重要性，为飞行人员健康体检提供依据，并研究肺结节和肺大疱与年龄的关系，为胸部CT体检年龄的界定提供依据。方法：回顾性采用2023年1~10月在本中心疗养的810例飞行人员的胸部CT检查结果，选取肺结节、肺大疱检出结果，分析不同年龄段的两种病变检出率。结论：飞行人员任务重、压力大，在各种情况的影响下，肺结节、肺大疱的检出率比较高，811例受检飞行人员中，共检出实性肺结节289例，亚实性结节36例，肺大疱59例，总检出率为47.41%。其中亚实性结节和肺大疱对飞行人员的身体健康、飞行安全十分重要，本研究中实性肺结节检出率最高，为35.68%，亚实性结节检出率为4.44%，占比很高，而且意义重大，因为磨玻璃结节有一定的恶变倾向；肺大疱的检出率为7.28%，比亚实性结节检出率更高，肺大疱破裂后会导致气胸，这对飞行人员的工作是一种非常大的风险因素，所以应重视飞行人员肺结节、肺大疱的筛查与鉴定，并做好针对性预防工作，最大限度地消除飞行安全隐患。

Abstract: Objective: To study the detection rate of pulmonary nodules, including solid nodules, ground glass nodules and pulmonary bulla, in the physical examination screening of flight personnel. The detec-tion rate reflects the importance of their physical examination to provide evidence for the health examination of flight personnel, and study the relationship between pulmonary nodules, pulmo-nary bulla and age, so as to provide evidence for the definition of the age of chest CT physical exam-ination. Methods: The chest CT results of 811 airmen recuperating in our center from January to October 2023 were retrospectively used, and the detection rates of pulmonary nodules and bulla in different age groups were analyzed. Conclusion: The detection rate of pulmonary nodules and bull-osa was relatively high under the influence of heavy tasks and high pressure. Among the 811 pilots, 289 solid pulmonary nodules, 36 subsolid nodules and 59 bullosa were detected, with a total detec-tion rate of 47.35%. Among them, solid pulmonary nodules and bullosa are very important for the physical health and flight safety of flight personnel. In this study, the detection rate of solid pulmo-nary nodules was the highest (35.64%), and that of solid pulmonary nodules was 4.44%, accounting for a high proportion and of great significance, because ground glass nodules have a certain ten-dency of malignant transformation. The detection rate of pulmonary bulla was 7.27%, and the de-tection rate of biasis nodules was higher. The rupture of pulmonary bulla will lead to pneumotho-rax, which is a very big risk factor for the work of flight personnel. Therefore, attention should be paid to the screening and identification of pulmonary nodules and bulla of flight personnel, and targeted prevention work should be done to eliminate flight safety hazards to the maximum extent.