孕妇母乳喂养认知及自我效能影响因素分析

Analysis of Factors Influencing Pregnant Women’s Breastfeeding Perceptions and Self-Efficacy

摘要: 目的：调查待产孕妇母乳喂养认知水平与自我效能水平并分析影响因素，以期为临床实施具体化母乳喂养健康宣教提供参考。方法：采用目的抽样法选取某三甲医院187入院待产孕妇为调查对象，选取一般资料调查表，母乳喂养知识问卷、母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行调查，分析影响母乳喂养认知水平与自我效能的相关因素。结果：187名孕妇母乳喂养认知水平总分为(12.15 ± 2.70)分；母乳喂养自我效能总分为(41.60 ± 9.95)分。年龄、职业、文化程度、家庭月收入在孕妇母乳喂养认知水平得分比较中，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；年龄、家庭纯母乳喂养支持情况在孕妇母乳喂养自我效能得分比较中，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。文化程度是影响其母乳喂养认知水平的主要因素(P < 0.05)；家庭纯母乳喂养支持情况是影响其母乳喂养自我效能的主要因素(P < 0.05)。结论：医护人员可从影响孕妇母乳喂养认知水平与自我效能的主要因素着手，制定更适合不同文化层次孕妇的宣教内容，加强对家庭其他成员的知识宣教，鼓励家属积极支持孕妇进行母乳喂养从而改善纯母乳喂养情况。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the level of breastfeeding awareness and self-efficacy among expectant mothers and to analyze the influencing factors, with a view to providing a reference for the implementation of specific breastfeeding health promotion in the clinic. Methods: The objective sampling method was used to select 187 expectant pregnant women from a top-three hospital as the investigation objects, and the general data questionnaire, breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire and breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire were selected to investigate, and the related factors affecting breastfeeding cognition level and self-efficacy were analyzed. Results: The total score of breastfeeding cognition of 187 pregnant women was (12.15 ± 2.70) points; The total breastfeeding self-efficacy score was (41.60 ± 9.95) points. Age, occupation, education level and monthly family income had significant differences in the scores of maternal breastfeeding cognition (P< 0.05). Age and family exclusive breastfeeding support had significant differences in breast-feeding self-efficacy scores (P < 0.05). The education level was the main factor affecting the cognition level of breastfeeding (P < 0.05). The family’s exclusive breastfeeding support was the main factor affecting their breastfeeding self-efficacy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Medical staff can start from the main factors that affect the cognition level and self-efficacy of pregnant women’s breastfeeding, develop more suitable for pregnant women of different cultural levels, strengthen the knowledge and education of other family members, and encourage family members to actively support pregnant women to breastfeed, so as to improve the situation of exclusive breastfeeding.