新技术背景下“避风港规则”的变革与中国路径

The Transformation of “Safe Harbor Rules” and China’s Path under the Background of New Technology

摘要: 20多年前，“避风港规则”滥觞于美国而为世界各国所借鉴。但如今，算法推荐与算法过滤等新技术的发展，对以“技术中立”与“技术不能”理论为基础的“避风港规则”发起了挑战，同时网络平台侵权内容的增加提高版权人维权难度。在此背景下，欧美积极作出修法尝试，美国对原有制度审慎修改避免结构性变化，而欧盟为网络服务提供者增加了版权内容过滤义务。基于国际改革动向与现实需求，我国确应适当提高网络服务提供者的注意义务与责任承担，但不宜将事前审查义务作为网络服务提供者的统一标准，否则不利于互联网产业的良性发展。

Abstract: More than 20 years ago, the “safe harbor rules” originated in the United States and were used by other countries around the world. But now, the development of new technologies such as algorithm recommendation and algorithm filtering has challenged the “safe harbor rules” based on the theories of “technology neutrality” and “technology inability”. At the same time, the increase of infringing content on the Internet platform makes it more difficult for copyright owners to protect their rights. In this context, Europe and the United States actively tried to amend the law. The United States carefully modified the original system to avoid structural changes, and the European Union increased the copyright content filtering obligations for Internet service provider (ISPs). Based on international reform trends and practical needs, China should properly enhance the duty of care and liability of ISPs, but it is not appropriate to make the prior review obligation a unified standard for ISPs, otherwise it is not conducive to the sound development of the Internet industry.