《麦田里的守望者》中的“精神污染”

The Spiritual Pollution in The Catcher in the Rye

摘要: 作为20世纪美国杰出作家杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格的成名作，《麦田里的守望者》深刻揭示上世纪50年代美国社会迅猛发展与价值观剧变时期民众所面临的精神困境。本文基于鲁枢元的“精神污染”理论，对小说主人公霍尔顿遭遇的精神“真空化”、存在“疏离化”与行为“无能化”进行深入剖析。通过文本细读，本文认为霍尔顿遭受的精神污染分别表现为信仰危机、社会疏离与自我压抑。其中，价值观的堕落与信仰的资本化引发其信仰危机；科技当道、人际隔阂与自我冲突造成其与自然、他人及自我的疏离；自主性、自为性与选择性的丧失导致其自我压抑。基于此，本文指出当今时代的个体乃至社会需倍加关注精神污染问题，共同寻求疗愈之方。

Abstract: As the masterpiece of Jerome David Salinger, a prominent 20th-century American writer, The Catcher in the Rye fully unveils the spiritual predicament in US in the 1950s when people’s values underwent drastic changes. On the theoretical basis of Lu Shuyuan’s “spiritual pollution”, this arti-cle carries out an in-depth analysis of the protagonist-Holden’s “spiritual vacuum,” “alienated ex-istence,” and “incompetent behavior” in the novel. Through close reading, the paper unfolds that the spiritual pollution Holden suffers is manifested as faith crisis, social alienation, and self- suppres-sion. Among these manifestations, degradation of values and capitalization of beliefs provoke Hold-en’s faith crisis; technology dominance, interpersonal barriers, and self-estrangement engender his alienation from nature, others, and himself; loss of autonomy, self-determination, and deci-sion-making cause his self-suppression. Therefore, this article argues that individuals and society in the contemporary era should focus on spiritual pollution and tackle the issue with joint efforts.