山东高青方言单字声调实验研究

Experimental Study on the Tone of Single Words in Gaoqing Dialect in Shandong

摘要: 通过PRAAT软件提取所标注音档的基频和时长数据并对其进行归一化处理，采用实验语音学方法研究山东省淄博市高青县方言单字声调的声学特征、共时变异规律及代际差异。实验表明，高青方言共有4个调类：阴平22、上声55、去声41、入声33，在调型上分别属于低降调、高平调、高降调、低平调。阴平调长舒长，并且正在分化为阴平和阳平，上声调长短促，存在与入声合流的条件，且部分已经归入平声和去声，去声相对稳定，然而其五度值和降幅均在降低，入声现虽仍有保存，但在未来将归并到另外三个调类。在代际差异方面，年轻一代暂未发生“平分阴阳”和“上入合流”，但“入派三声”的趋势明显加速。在声学分析的基础上，结合高青特殊的地理位置，指出高青方言对冀鲁官话和胶辽官话的连接作用，使二者呈现出良好的过渡性。

Abstract: By extracting and normalizing the fundamental frequency and duration data of the annotated audio files using PRAAT software, the acoustic characteristics, synchronic variation and intergenerational differences of the dialect tones of Gaoqing County, Zibo City, Shandong Province were studied by ex-perimental phonetic methods. Experiments show that there are four types of tones in Gaoqing dia-lect: Yinping 22, Shangsheng 55, Qvsheng 41, and Rusheng 33, which belong to low descending tone, high flat tone, high descending tone, and low flat tone, respectively. Yin Ping is long, and is dif-ferentiating into Yin Ping and Yang Ping, Shangsheng is loud and short, having conditions for con-fluence with Rusheng, and some of them have been classified into the Pingsheng and Qvsheng, Qvsheng is relatively stable, but its fifth value and the decrease are decreasing. Although the Rusheng is still preserved, in the future it will be merged into the other three key categories. In terms of intergenerational differences, the younger generation has not yet experienced the “equal division of yin and yang” and “confluence of Shangsheng and Rusheng”, but the trend of “Rusheng being merged into the other three key classes” has accelerated significantly. On the basis of acoustic analysis and combined with the special geographical location of Gaoqing, it is pointed out that the connection effect of Gaoqing dialect on Jilu mandarin and Jiaoliao mandarin makes the two show a good transition.