高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者发生左心室肥厚的研究进展

Research Progress in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

摘要: 高血压是成年人群常见病，与心血管疾病及靶器官损害关系密切。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS)是睡眠时反复发生部分或全部上呼吸导致夜间打鼾、反复的呼吸暂停或低通气、低氧血症、高碳酸血症和睡眠结构紊乱以及白天嗜睡等一系列临床特征的呼吸障碍性疾病。当高血压合并OSAHS时，血压呈“非杓型”，甚至出现“反杓型”改变，血压波动性较大，造成高血压合并OSAHS患者靶器官损害程度比单纯高血压更为严重，也可造成心、脑、肾等脏器并发症的加重。高血压合并OSAHS患者心脏靶器官损害的重要病理改变为左心室肥厚(Left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)，LVH会进而导致慢性心功能不全等心血管事件的发生。该文章就高血压合并OSAHS发生LVH研究进展做一综述，以期提高对高血压合并OSAHS的关注，并最终降低发生LVH风险。

Abstract: Hypertension is a common disease in the adult population and is closely related to cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a res-piratory disorder characterized by a series of clinical features, such as nocturnal snoring, recurrent apnea or hypoventilation, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and structural disorders of sleep, as well as daytime somnolence, which occurs repeatedly with partial or total upper respiration during sleep. OSAHS is a disorder of respiration with a series of clinical features. When hypertension with OSAHS, the blood pressure is “non-dippers” or even “riser”, and the blood pressure fluctuation is large, which results in more serious damage to the target organs of patients than simple hypertension, and also causes complications in organs such as the heart, brain and kidneys and other organs. The most important pathology of cardiac target organ damage in patients with hypertension with OSAHS is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which in turn leads to the occurrence of cardiovascular events such as chronic cardiac insufficiency. This article reviews the progress of research on the development of LVH in hypertension with OSAHS, with the aim of raising awareness of hypertension with OSAHS and ultimately reducing the risk of LVH.