港口国控制谅解备忘录的法律校正

Legal Correction of Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control

摘要: 港口国控制是国际航运安全重要的监督手段。港口国控制谅解备忘录则是当前港口国控制在区域一级的合作，基于协商自愿原则开展的区域合作在当前全球港口国控制中起到至关重要的作用。而其存在的监督机制缺位、争议解决机制乏力、国际海事组织规制失位等问题带来法律校正的需求。在全球海事规则趋向严格、广泛覆盖的进程中，港口国控制谅解备忘录的发展与优化亦是其中重要一环。本文旨在为优化港口国控制区域合作建言献策，提出强化监督效能、健全完善争议解决机制、国际海事组织规制的完善等进路，使港口国控制借助区域合作优化迈向全面、强制与全球化。

Abstract: Port State control is an important oversight tool for international shipping security. The memo-randum of understanding on port State control is the current cooperation on port State control at the regional level, and regional cooperation based on the principle of consultation and voluntariness plays a crucial role in the current global port State control. The absence of a monitoring mechanism, the lack of a dispute settlement mechanism and the failure of the International Maritime Organization to regulate it have brought about the need for legal correction. In the process of global maritime rules tend to be strict and widely covered, the development and optimization of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on port state control is also an important part of it. The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for optimizing regional cooperation on port state control, and to propose ways to strengthen the effectiveness of supervision, improve the dispute settlement mechanism, and improve the regulation of the International Maritime Organization, so that port state control can be optimized through regional cooperation and move towards comprehensive, mandatory and globalization.