隧道盾构超前探中地震波时距特征与波场模拟分析

Seismic Time-Interval Characteristics and Wave Field Simulation Analysis in Tunnel Shield Advance Exploration

摘要: 地铁已成为当今最关键的交通工具之一，不仅快速而且很便捷。挖掘隧道是至关重要的一环，而盾构技术在此过程中扮演着核心角色。通过盾构机TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine)与超前地质探测技术的结合，我们能够有效预测并分析隧道前方的地质条件，这大大提升了施工的安全性。地震波的传播和采集系统在地质探测中十分重要，通过分析不同类型地震波的传播时间和路径，我们能更准确地理解地层结构。与传统的观测系统不同，本次使用的是环状观测系统，其中检波器和可控震源均位于同一圆面上，这一新布局为研究时距曲线带来了新的视角和更深的意义。鉴于可用于盾构施工的超前探测方法较少，本研究通过数学分析法计算时距曲线，并建立二维隧道模型，使用有限差分法模拟隧道内的地震波场，旨在研究地震波在各种地质异常条件下的响应特征，以期为隧道施工提供更高的安全保障。

Abstract: Subway has become one of the most critical means of transportation today, not only fast but also very convenient. Tunneling is a crucial part, and shield technology plays a central role in this process. By combining the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) with advanced geological detection technology, we can effectively predict and analyze the geological conditions ahead of the tunnel, which greatly improves the safety of construction. Seismic wave propagation and acquisition systems are very important in geological exploration. By analyzing the propagation time and path of different types of seismic waves, we can understand the formation structure more accurately. Different from the traditional observation system, the annular observation system is used, in which the geophone and the vibroseis are located on the same circular plane. This new layout brings a new perspective and deeper significance to the study of the time interval curve. In view of the few advanced detection methods available for shield construction, this study calculated the time interval curve through mathematical analysis, established a two-dimensional tunnel model, and used the finite difference method to simulate the seismic wave field in the tunnel, aiming to study the response characteristics of seismic waves under various geological abnormal conditions, in order to provide higher security for tunnel construction.