超声引导下星状神经节阻滞对老年患者术后谵妄的研究进展

Research Progress of Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients

摘要: 术后谵妄(postoperative delirium, POD)是老年患者(≥65岁)常见的术后并发症之一，易延长住院时间、降低患者长期生活质量且增加死亡率，而POD目前并没有明确的发病机制及治疗措施。近年来，有研究发现星状神经节阻滞(stellate ganglion block, SGB)对POD有重要作用。星状神经节阻滞是将局部麻醉药物注入星状神经节周围及附近组织，从而阻滞其支配部位的交感神经，调节交感神经系统张力，用于治疗多种疼痛及非疼痛类疾病，在预防老年患者POD方面有较大研究空间。本文总结星状神经节阻滞对老年患者POD的作用机制，以期为POD的临床治疗提供新思路。

Abstract: Postoperative delirium (POD) is one of the common postoperative complications in elderly patients (≥65 years old), which is prone to prolonging hospitalization, decreasing long-term quality of life, and increasing mortality, and there is no clear pathogenesis and treatment for POD. In recent years, some studies have found that stellate ganglion block (SGB) has an important role in POD. Stellate ganglion block is a local anesthetic drug injected into the tissues around and near the stellate ganglion to block the sympathetic nerves in its innervating area and regulate the tension of the sympathetic nervous system, which is used in the treatment of various painful and non-painful diseases, and there is a large space for research on the prevention of POD in elderly patients. In this paper, we summarize the mechanism of stellate ganglion block on POD in elderly patients, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of POD.