高血压患者的牙周炎特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Periodontitis in Patients with Hypertension

摘要: 目的：统计分析原发性高血压的牙周炎患者牙周相关指标并描述其临床意义。方法：这项回顾性临床研究从我院牙周黏膜科患者中抽取160例牙周炎患者，根据是否同时患有高血压分两组。使用锥形束投照计算机重组断层扫描(CBCT, Cone bean computed to)测量下颌骨牙槽骨高度，记录下颌骨缺牙数及牙周相关指标；对两组各研究指标的差异性进行统计分析。结果：两组比较，下颌前牙区牙槽骨高度、附着丧失、探针深度、菌斑指数经独立样本t检验，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，两组后牙区牙槽骨高度、下颌骨缺牙数经独立样本Mann-Whitney U检验，后牙区牙槽骨高度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。牙周炎伴高血压组观察对象高血压患病年限与各牙周炎指标的相关性选择Spearman相关性分析，高血压患病年限与下颌骨前牙区牙槽骨高度、下颌骨后牙区牙槽骨高度间呈显著负相关关系(rs < 0，P < 0.05)；高血压患病年限与附着丧失、探诊深度间呈显著正相关关系(rs > 0，P < 0.05)。结论：高血压可能是加重患者下颌骨牙槽骨吸收的影响因素，高血压可能是加重牙周组织破坏的因素。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the periodontitis parameters in patients with essential hypertension and describe their clinical significance. Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 160 patients with periodontitis were selected from the Periodontal Mucosa Department of our hospital and divided into two groups according to whether they also had hypertension. Cone bean computed to (CBCT) was used to measure the alveolar bone height, and the number of missing teeth and periodontal parameters were recorded. The difference of each research index between the two groups was statistically analyzed. Result: Compared with the two groups, the alveolar bone height, attachment loss, probe depth and plaque index in the mandibular anterior dental area were statistically significant by independent sample t test (P < 0.05); the alveolar bone height in the posterior dental area and the number of mandibular missing teeth were statistically significant by independent sample Mann-Whitney U test between the two groups (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of years with hypertension and the periodontitis indexes, and the number of years with hypertension was negatively correlated with the alveolar bone height in the anterior mandible and the alveolar bone height in the posterior mandible (rs < 0, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the years of hyper-tension and the loss of attachment and the depth of investigation (rs > 0, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypertension may be the factor that aggravates the alveolar bone resorption of mandible and the destruction of periodontal tissue.